Oto długo oczekiwany pierwszy drednot naszej floty. Zgodnie
z zapowiedziami, jest to jednostka będąca wypadkową dotychczasowych linii
rozwojowych naszych predrednotów i krążowników pancernych. Od ostatnich typów
okrętów tych klas w naszej flocie nowy pancernik przejął kaliber artylerii
głównej – 274 mm.
Zgodnie z dotychczasowymi trendami jest też dość szybki, osiągając dzięki
napędowi turbinowemu nieco ponad 25 w., co stawia go w zasadzie na równi z
niemieckim Von der Tannem. Działa 274 mm są nowego typu – model 1908 L/45. Nie mają
może imponującego kalibru, ale są szybkostrzelne (3 strzały na minutę) i dzięki
znacznej prędkości wylotowej (870 m/s) w zasadzie są porównywalne z niemieckimi
działami kal. 280 mm
montowanymi na typach Nassau i Von der Tann, a w każdym razie niewiele im
ustępują. Z kolei nasz okręt, dzięki przyzwoitemu opancerzeniu wydaje się być
całkiem dobrze chroniony przed ogniem dział 280 mm. Nowością w naszej
flocie jest wzdłużna gródź przeciwtorpedowa o grubości 38 mm która chroni
podwodną część kadłuba na całej długości cytadeli, sięgając od przedniej
krawędzi dziobowych komór amunicyjnych do tylnej krawędzi komór rufowych. W
sposób radykalny podnosi to odporność jednostki na trafienia torpedami w
stosunku do poprzednich naszych jednostek (wg programu, okręt powinien wytrzymać
aż 3 trafienia!). Warto zaznaczyć, że jakkolwiek to rozwiązanie było już znane
od co najmniej dekady (takie grodzie miały już Henri IV z 1899 r. czy
Cesariewicz z 1901 r.), to bynajmniej nie było ono standardem wśród drednotów i
krążowników liniowych pierwszego pokolenia. Wiele z nich musiało się bowiem zadowolić
jedynie osłonami na wysokości komór amunicyjnych. Stąd nasz okręt na tle międzynarodowej
średniej wypada całkiem nieźle:)
Kazimierz Wielki, polish fast battleship laid down 1907 (Engine 1909)
Displacement:
15 739 t light; 16 419 t standard; 17 742 t normal; 18 800 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
556,23 ft / 555,25 ft x 81,76 ft x 26,51 ft (normal load)
169,54 m / 169,24 m x 24,92 m x 8,08 m
Armament:
4 - 10,79" / 274 mm guns (2x2 guns), 627,65lbs / 284,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
4 - 10,79" / 274 mm guns (2x2 guns), 627,65lbs / 284,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
12 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
8 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 6 410 lbs / 2 908 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 85
4 - 21,0" / 533 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11,0" / 280 mm 316,67 ft / 96,52 m 10,01 ft / 3,05 m
Ends: 5,51" / 140 mm 117,39 ft / 35,78 m 10,01 ft / 3,05 m
121,19 ft / 36,94 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 9,25" / 235 mm 210,83 ft / 64,26 m 4,99 ft / 1,52 m
Main Belt covers 88% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1,50" / 38 mm 353,51 ft / 107,75 m 23,36 ft / 7,12 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11,0" / 280 mm 8,07" / 205 mm 10,8" / 274 mm
2nd: 11,0" / 280 mm 8,07" / 205 mm 10,8" / 274 mm
3rd: 6,69" / 170 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 11,02" / 280 mm
Machinery:
Coal and oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Electric motors, 4 shafts, 50 962 shp / 38 017 Kw = 25,30 kts
Range 5 300nm at 12,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2 381 tons (80% coal)
Complement:
768 - 999
Cost:
£1,574 million / $6,295 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 801 tons, 4,5%
Armour: 5 773 tons, 32,5%
- Belts: 2 276 tons, 12,8%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 457 tons, 2,6%
- Armament: 1 760 tons, 9,9%
- Armour Deck: 1 118 tons, 6,3%
- Conning Tower: 162 tons, 0,9%
Machinery: 2 498 tons, 14,1%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6 667 tons, 37,6%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2 003 tons, 11,3%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
22 072 lbs / 10 012 Kg = 35,2 x 10,8 " / 274 mm shells or 3,6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,16
Metacentric height 4,9 ft / 1,5 m
Roll period: 15,5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 61 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,44
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,21
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,516
Length to Beam Ratio: 6,79 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23,56 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,98 ft / 0,30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21,95 ft / 6,69 m
- Forecastle (19%): 19,95 ft / 6,08 m
- Mid (50%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Quarterdeck (19%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Stern: 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Average freeboard: 18,93 ft / 5,77 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 109,7%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 140,4%
Waterplane Area: 30 694 Square feet or 2 852 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 149 lbs/sq ft or 728 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,95
- Longitudinal: 1,64
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Kazimierz Wielki (1909)
Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy (1910)
Displacement:
15 739 t light; 16 419 t standard; 17 742 t normal; 18 800 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
556,23 ft / 555,25 ft x 81,76 ft x 26,51 ft (normal load)
169,54 m / 169,24 m x 24,92 m x 8,08 m
Armament:
4 - 10,79" / 274 mm guns (2x2 guns), 627,65lbs / 284,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
4 - 10,79" / 274 mm guns (2x2 guns), 627,65lbs / 284,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
12 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
8 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 6 410 lbs / 2 908 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 85
4 - 21,0" / 533 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11,0" / 280 mm 316,67 ft / 96,52 m 10,01 ft / 3,05 m
Ends: 5,51" / 140 mm 117,39 ft / 35,78 m 10,01 ft / 3,05 m
121,19 ft / 36,94 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 9,25" / 235 mm 210,83 ft / 64,26 m 4,99 ft / 1,52 m
Main Belt covers 88% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1,50" / 38 mm 353,51 ft / 107,75 m 23,36 ft / 7,12 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11,0" / 280 mm 8,07" / 205 mm 10,8" / 274 mm
2nd: 11,0" / 280 mm 8,07" / 205 mm 10,8" / 274 mm
3rd: 6,69" / 170 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 11,02" / 280 mm
Machinery:
Coal and oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Electric motors, 4 shafts, 50 962 shp / 38 017 Kw = 25,30 kts
Range 5 300nm at 12,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2 381 tons (80% coal)
Complement:
768 - 999
Cost:
£1,574 million / $6,295 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 801 tons, 4,5%
Armour: 5 773 tons, 32,5%
- Belts: 2 276 tons, 12,8%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 457 tons, 2,6%
- Armament: 1 760 tons, 9,9%
- Armour Deck: 1 118 tons, 6,3%
- Conning Tower: 162 tons, 0,9%
Machinery: 2 498 tons, 14,1%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6 667 tons, 37,6%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2 003 tons, 11,3%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
22 072 lbs / 10 012 Kg = 35,2 x 10,8 " / 274 mm shells or 3,6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,16
Metacentric height 4,9 ft / 1,5 m
Roll period: 15,5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 61 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,44
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,21
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,516
Length to Beam Ratio: 6,79 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23,56 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,98 ft / 0,30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21,95 ft / 6,69 m
- Forecastle (19%): 19,95 ft / 6,08 m
- Mid (50%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Quarterdeck (19%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Stern: 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Average freeboard: 18,93 ft / 5,77 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 109,7%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 140,4%
Waterplane Area: 30 694 Square feet or 2 852 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 149 lbs/sq ft or 728 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,95
- Longitudinal: 1,64
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Kazimierz Wielki (1909)
Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy (1910)