Dziś taki oto mały pancernik amerykański. Jest to realny projekt, choć nie jest pewna data jego opracowania – spotkałem się z informacjami jakoby pochodziła z 1942 r. albo z lat 30-tych (pojawia się data 1932 r.). Sprawy nie ułatwiają też pojawiające się rozbieżności w danych o uzbrojeniu plot okrętu. Wg jednych miało by się ono ograniczać się do 6 dział uniwersalnych kal. 127 mm, co by wskazywało na lata 30-te, z kolei inne mówią o 4 „wielokrotnych” (multiple) stanowiskach dział 40 mm. Zapewne chodzi o poczwórne Boforsy, co by wskazywało na lata 40-te.
Jak na swoje umiarkowane rozmiary okręt jest silnie uzbrojony (6 dział 356 mm) i nieźle opancerzony (pb 356, pp 102), ale dość powolny – na poziomie pierwszowojennych amerykańskich drednotów.
Oryginalne przeznaczenie takiego okrętu pozostaje niejasne. Być może chodziło o jednostkę na eksport, okręt przeznaczony do eskortowania konwojów, rodzaj monitora do ostrzeliwania wybrzeży albo swoisty pancernik kolonialny do utrzymywania porządku w bananowych republikach Ameryki Środkowej? Tego niestety nie udało mi się ustalić.
Rhode Island, United States light battleship laid down 1942 (Engine 1944)
Displacement:
14 108 t light; 15 030 t standard; 16 889 t normal; 18 376 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
470,19 ft / 468,80 ft x 83,99 ft x 27,00 ft (normal load)
143,31 m / 142,89 m x 25,60 m x 8,23 m
Armament:
6 - 14,02" / 356 mm guns (2x3 guns), 1 376,64lbs / 624,43kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
6 - 5,00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62,50lbs / 28,35kg shells, 1932 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (4x4 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1936 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on centreline, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 8 666 lbs / 3 931 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14,0" / 356 mm 195,87 ft / 59,70 m 12,63 ft / 3,85 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 64% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
0,98" / 25 mm 195,87 ft / 59,70 m 27,00 ft / 8,23 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18,0" / 457 mm 9,02" / 229 mm 14,0" / 356 mm
2nd: 1,50" / 38 mm 0,98" / 25 mm 1,50" / 38 mm
- Armour deck: 4,02" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 15,98" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 26 203 shp / 19 548 Kw = 21,00 kts
Range 17 000nm at 13,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3 346 tons
Complement:
739 - 962
Cost:
£9,529 million / $38,116 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 083 tons, 6,4%
Armour: 5 651 tons, 33,5%
- Belts: 1 745 tons, 10,3%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 193 tons, 1,1%
- Armament: 1 434 tons, 8,5%
- Armour Deck: 2 053 tons, 12,2%
- Conning Tower: 227 tons, 1,3%
Machinery: 669 tons, 4,0%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6 605 tons, 39,1%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2 781 tons, 16,5%
Miscellaneous weights: 100 tons, 0,6%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
22 820 lbs / 10 351 Kg = 16,6 x 14,0 " / 356 mm shells or 4,5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,12
Metacentric height 4,8 ft / 1,5 m
Roll period: 16,1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,44
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,19
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,556
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,58 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 21,65 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26,44 ft / 8,06 m
- Forecastle (30%): 13,98 ft / 4,26 m
- Mid (50%): 12,50 ft / 3,81 m
- Quarterdeck (30%): 12,50 ft / 3,81 m
- Stern: 15,45 ft / 4,71 m
- Average freeboard: 15,04 ft / 4,58 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 82,4%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 91,6%
Waterplane Area: 27 634 Square feet or 2 567 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 174 lbs/sq ft or 848 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,99
- Longitudinal: 2,14
- Overall: 1,07
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
2 catapults, 2 planes
piątek, 25 października 2019
niedziela, 13 października 2019
Pancernik napędzany dieslami
Dziś nietypowy okręt – napędzany dieslami pancernik, jaki został zaproponowany w 1912 r. Kaiserliche Marine przez Hugo Junkersa. Okręt miał wykorzystywać silniki jego konstrukcji, charakteryzujące się dwoma tłokami w jednym cylindrze, co miało dawać lepszy stosunek mocy do masy niż w konwencjonalnym silniku Diesla i w efekcie pozwoliłoby skonstruować przy wymiarach zbliżonych do ówcześnie budowanych pancerników (Kaiser, Konig) jednostkę ciężej uzbrojoną (z dodatkową wieżą dział kal. 305 mm i cięższą artylerią pomocniczą). Z punktu widzenia budownictwa okrętowego, jednostka ma wady, jak niekorzystne położenie dział kal. 88 mm znajdujących się w strefie podmuchu dział kal. 305 mm przy niektórych ich ustawieniach, czy nie do końca odpowiadającą ówczesnym wymogom taktycznym baterię dział kal. 190 mm (które, nawiasem mówiąc, dopiero trzeba by opracować). Do tego istniała obawa o trwałość wałów napędowych, ze względu na ich znaczną długość narażającą je na deformacje.
Ostatecznie propozycja tego okrętu nie spotkała się z zainteresowaniem ze strony floty i w zasadzie należy uznać, że nie miał on szans na realizację, niemniej bez wątpienia był to pomysł ciekawy i godny przypomnienia.
Otto der Grosse, german battleship laid down 1912 (Engine 1914)
Displacement:
23 070 t light; 24 545 t standard; 26 017 t normal; 27 194 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
582,21 ft / 574,21 ft x 95,34 ft x 27,00 ft (normal load)
177,46 m / 175,02 m x 29,06 m x 8,23 m
Armament:
8 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
14 - 7,48" / 190 mm guns in single mounts, 209,28lbs / 94,93kg shells, 1914 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
12 - 3,46" / 88,0 mm guns in single mounts, 20,79lbs / 9,43kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 13 568 lbs / 6 154 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
6 - 19,7" / 500 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11,8" / 300 mm 327,59 ft / 99,85 m 10,66 ft / 3,25 m
Ends: 5,12" / 130 mm 239,24 ft / 72,92 m 10,66 ft / 3,25 m
7,38 ft / 2,25 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 7,87" / 200 mm 222,67 ft / 67,87 m 7,48 ft / 2,28 m
Main Belt covers 88% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1,77" / 45 mm 327,59 ft / 99,85 m 23,72 ft / 7,23 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11,8" / 300 mm 8,66" / 220 mm 11,8" / 300 mm
2nd: 11,8" / 300 mm 8,66" / 220 mm 11,8" / 300 mm
3rd: 7,09" / 180 mm - -
4th: 1,18" / 30 mm 0,79" / 20 mm -
- Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 15,75" / 400 mm
Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 46 528 shp / 34 710 Kw = 23,00 kts
Range 9 000nm at 11,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2 648 tons
Complement:
1 023 - 1 331
Cost:
£2,483 million / $9,932 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 696 tons, 6,5%
Armour: 8 939 tons, 34,4%
- Belts: 3 031 tons, 11,6%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 509 tons, 2,0%
- Armament: 3 621 tons, 13,9%
- Armour Deck: 1 480 tons, 5,7%
- Conning Tower: 298 tons, 1,1%
Machinery: 1 792 tons, 6,9%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10 643 tons, 40,9%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2 946 tons, 11,3%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
32 206 lbs / 14 609 Kg = 37,2 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 5,2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,03
Metacentric height 4,9 ft / 1,5 m
Roll period: 18,0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,70
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,12
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,616
Length to Beam Ratio: 6,02 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23,96 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 6,50 ft / 1,98 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Forecastle (23%): 18,96 ft / 5,78 m
- Mid (50%): 18,96 ft / 5,78 m
- Quarterdeck (20%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Stern: 20,44 ft / 6,23 m
- Average freeboard: 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 95,8%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 144,5%
Waterplane Area: 40 642 Square feet or 3 776 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 194 lbs/sq ft or 946 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,95
- Longitudinal: 1,50
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ostatecznie propozycja tego okrętu nie spotkała się z zainteresowaniem ze strony floty i w zasadzie należy uznać, że nie miał on szans na realizację, niemniej bez wątpienia był to pomysł ciekawy i godny przypomnienia.
Otto der Grosse, german battleship laid down 1912 (Engine 1914)
Displacement:
23 070 t light; 24 545 t standard; 26 017 t normal; 27 194 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
582,21 ft / 574,21 ft x 95,34 ft x 27,00 ft (normal load)
177,46 m / 175,02 m x 29,06 m x 8,23 m
Armament:
8 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
14 - 7,48" / 190 mm guns in single mounts, 209,28lbs / 94,93kg shells, 1914 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
12 - 3,46" / 88,0 mm guns in single mounts, 20,79lbs / 9,43kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 13 568 lbs / 6 154 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
6 - 19,7" / 500 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11,8" / 300 mm 327,59 ft / 99,85 m 10,66 ft / 3,25 m
Ends: 5,12" / 130 mm 239,24 ft / 72,92 m 10,66 ft / 3,25 m
7,38 ft / 2,25 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 7,87" / 200 mm 222,67 ft / 67,87 m 7,48 ft / 2,28 m
Main Belt covers 88% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1,77" / 45 mm 327,59 ft / 99,85 m 23,72 ft / 7,23 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11,8" / 300 mm 8,66" / 220 mm 11,8" / 300 mm
2nd: 11,8" / 300 mm 8,66" / 220 mm 11,8" / 300 mm
3rd: 7,09" / 180 mm - -
4th: 1,18" / 30 mm 0,79" / 20 mm -
- Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 15,75" / 400 mm
Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 46 528 shp / 34 710 Kw = 23,00 kts
Range 9 000nm at 11,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2 648 tons
Complement:
1 023 - 1 331
Cost:
£2,483 million / $9,932 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 696 tons, 6,5%
Armour: 8 939 tons, 34,4%
- Belts: 3 031 tons, 11,6%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 509 tons, 2,0%
- Armament: 3 621 tons, 13,9%
- Armour Deck: 1 480 tons, 5,7%
- Conning Tower: 298 tons, 1,1%
Machinery: 1 792 tons, 6,9%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10 643 tons, 40,9%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2 946 tons, 11,3%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
32 206 lbs / 14 609 Kg = 37,2 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 5,2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,03
Metacentric height 4,9 ft / 1,5 m
Roll period: 18,0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,70
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,12
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,616
Length to Beam Ratio: 6,02 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23,96 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 6,50 ft / 1,98 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Forecastle (23%): 18,96 ft / 5,78 m
- Mid (50%): 18,96 ft / 5,78 m
- Quarterdeck (20%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Stern: 20,44 ft / 6,23 m
- Average freeboard: 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 95,8%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 144,5%
Waterplane Area: 40 642 Square feet or 3 776 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 194 lbs/sq ft or 946 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,95
- Longitudinal: 1,50
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
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