W poście z 18 kwietnia prezentowałem projekt brytyjskiego krążownika uzbrojonego w 8 dział 7,5-calowych z 1913 r., który upadł z powodów finansowych. Z tego powodu Churchill zażądał projektu okrętu mniejszego, a więc i tańszego. Efektem był projekt B4 z sierpnia 1913 r., przewidujący okręt mniejszy i szybszy niż poprzednio (6500 ton, 27,5 w.) uzbrojonego w 2 działa 7,5-calowe i 6 dział 6-calowych. Mimo zaaprobowania, również i on nie doczekał się realizacji – najprawdopodobniej z powodu starego jak świat – czyli ograniczonych zasobów...
Ulysses, british cruiser laid down 1913 (Engine 1914)
Displacement:
5 735 t light; 5 964 t standard; 6 494 t normal; 6 917 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
505,96 ft / 500,59 ft x 52,99 ft x 17,49 ft (normal load)
154,22 m / 152,58 m x 16,15 m x 5,33 m
Armament:
2 - 7,48" / 190 mm guns in single mounts, 209,28lbs / 94,93kg shells, 1913 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
4 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
2 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all forward
4 - 1,85" / 47,0 mm guns in single mounts, 3,17lbs / 1,44kg shells, 1914 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all forward, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 1 074 lbs / 487 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
4 - 21,0" / 533 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4,02" / 102 mm 173,52 ft / 52,89 m 9,48 ft / 2,89 m
Ends: 2,52" / 64 mm 271,06 ft / 82,62 m 12,96 ft / 3,95 m
56,00 ft / 17,07 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 2,99" / 76 mm 173,52 ft / 52,89 m 6,99 ft / 2,13 m
Main Belt covers 53% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 2,99" / 76 mm 2,01" / 51 mm 2,99" / 76 mm
2nd: 2,99" / 76 mm 1,50" / 38 mm -
3rd: 2,99" / 76 mm 1,50" / 38 mm -
- Armour deck: 1,50" / 38 mm, Conning tower: 4,02" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 37 739 shp / 28 153 Kw = 27,50 kts
Range 7 500nm at 11,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 953 tons
Complement:
361 - 470
Cost:
£0,564 million / $2,256 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 134 tons, 2,1%
Armour: 1 457 tons, 22,4%
- Belts: 812 tons, 12,5%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 131 tons, 2,0%
- Armour Deck: 485 tons, 7,5%
- Conning Tower: 30 tons, 0,5%
Machinery: 1 454 tons, 22,4%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2 690 tons, 41,4%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 758 tons, 11,7%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
9 167 lbs / 4 158 Kg = 43,8 x 7,5 " / 190 mm shells or 1,4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,17
Metacentric height 2,6 ft / 0,8 m
Roll period: 13,8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 67 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,47
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,33
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,490
Length to Beam Ratio: 9,45 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22,37 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 12,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,49 ft / 0,15 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 22,93 ft / 6,99 m
- Forecastle (13%): 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Mid (66%): 21,46 ft / 6,54 m (13,45 ft / 4,10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (14%): 13,45 ft / 4,10 m
- Stern: 14,47 ft / 4,41 m
- Average freeboard: 18,88 ft / 5,75 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 95,3%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 177,9%
Waterplane Area: 17 513 Square feet or 1 627 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 119%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 92 lbs/sq ft or 448 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,96
- Longitudinal: 1,61
- Overall: 1,01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Ulysses (1914)
Ariadne (1914)
Actaeon (1915)
Unicorn (1915)
Phoebe (1916)
Argo (1916)
środa, 29 kwietnia 2020
czwartek, 23 kwietnia 2020
Przebudowa Gryfa na okręt przeciwlotniczy
Zastanawiałem się co by można zrobić z Gryfem, gdyby został włączony w skład okrętów ewakuowanych z Bałtyku w ramach planu Pekin, i doszedłem do wniosku, że całkiem sensowna była by konwersja na okręt plot. W związku z taką zmianą funkcji okrętu, drastycznej zmianie uległo uzbrojenie – w miejsce 120 mm Boforsów zainstalowano 4 podwójne stanowiska brytyjskich armat 4-calowych Mk XVI, będących w założeniu uzbrojeniem uniwersalnym. Pozostawiono 40 mm Boforsy, natomiast wkm-y Hotchkissa na skrzydłach pomostu zastąpiono pojedynczymi 20 mm Oerlikonami. Kolejne armaty tego typu rozmieszczono parami na skrzydłach nadbudówki na śródokręciu i na jej dachu (w miejscu pontonów), oraz na pokładzie – w rejonie komina i na rufie. Dało to łączną ich ilość wynoszącą 14 szt. i wiązało się oczywiście z likwidacją torów minowych i tym samym – możliwości stawiania min.
Gryf, polish anti-air ship laid down 1934 (Engine 1936), rebuilt 1940
Displacement:
2 084 t light; 2 183 t standard; 2 634 t normal; 2 995 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
338,67 ft / 330,25 ft x 42,98 ft x 11,81 ft (normal load)
103,23 m / 100,66 m x 13,10 m x 3,60 m
Armament:
8 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1934 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1934 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 0,79" / 20,0 mm guns in single mounts, 0,24lbs / 0,11kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
2 - 0,79" / 20,0 mm guns in single mounts, 0,24lbs / 0,11kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on centreline, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 270 lbs / 123 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 300
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,57" / 40 mm 1,18" / 30 mm -
Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 7 570 shp / 5 648 Kw = 20,00 kts
Range 9 500nm at 14,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 812 tons
Complement:
183 - 239
Cost:
£0,643 million / $2,573 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 34 tons, 1,3%
Armour: 28 tons, 1,0%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 28 tons, 1,0%
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0,0%
Machinery: 212 tons, 8,1%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1 810 tons, 68,7%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 551 tons, 20,9%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
9 566 lbs / 4 339 Kg = 295,4 x 4,0 " / 102 mm shells or 3,0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,11
Metacentric height 1,7 ft / 0,5 m
Roll period: 13,8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 87 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,33
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,75
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,550
Length to Beam Ratio: 7,68 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 18,17 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 16,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2,99 ft / 0,91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 18,96 ft / 5,78 m
- Forecastle (11%): 16,47 ft / 5,02 m
- Mid (50%): 14,99 ft / 4,57 m
- Quarterdeck (12%): 14,99 ft / 4,57 m
- Stern: 14,99 ft / 4,57 m
- Average freeboard: 15,54 ft / 4,74 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 38,5%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 158,5%
Waterplane Area: 9 906 Square feet or 920 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 365%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 114 lbs/sq ft or 558 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1,71
- Longitudinal: 4,31
- Overall: 1,88
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Gryf, polish anti-air ship laid down 1934 (Engine 1936), rebuilt 1940
Displacement:
2 084 t light; 2 183 t standard; 2 634 t normal; 2 995 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
338,67 ft / 330,25 ft x 42,98 ft x 11,81 ft (normal load)
103,23 m / 100,66 m x 13,10 m x 3,60 m
Armament:
8 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1934 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1934 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 0,79" / 20,0 mm guns in single mounts, 0,24lbs / 0,11kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
2 - 0,79" / 20,0 mm guns in single mounts, 0,24lbs / 0,11kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on centreline, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 270 lbs / 123 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 300
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,57" / 40 mm 1,18" / 30 mm -
Machinery:
Diesel Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 7 570 shp / 5 648 Kw = 20,00 kts
Range 9 500nm at 14,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 812 tons
Complement:
183 - 239
Cost:
£0,643 million / $2,573 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 34 tons, 1,3%
Armour: 28 tons, 1,0%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 28 tons, 1,0%
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0,0%
Machinery: 212 tons, 8,1%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1 810 tons, 68,7%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 551 tons, 20,9%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
9 566 lbs / 4 339 Kg = 295,4 x 4,0 " / 102 mm shells or 3,0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,11
Metacentric height 1,7 ft / 0,5 m
Roll period: 13,8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 87 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,33
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,75
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,550
Length to Beam Ratio: 7,68 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 18,17 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 16,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2,99 ft / 0,91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 18,96 ft / 5,78 m
- Forecastle (11%): 16,47 ft / 5,02 m
- Mid (50%): 14,99 ft / 4,57 m
- Quarterdeck (12%): 14,99 ft / 4,57 m
- Stern: 14,99 ft / 4,57 m
- Average freeboard: 15,54 ft / 4,74 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 38,5%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 158,5%
Waterplane Area: 9 906 Square feet or 920 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 365%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 114 lbs/sq ft or 558 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1,71
- Longitudinal: 4,31
- Overall: 1,88
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
sobota, 18 kwietnia 2020
Brytyjski krążownik z działami kal. 190 mm
W 1912 r. pojawiły się w Wielkiej Brytanii pogłoski o planowanej budowie przez Niemcy licznych szybkich krążowników przeznaczonych do działań na liniach komunikacyjnych i wyposażonych w działa kal. 170 mm. Wg ustaw morskich, miało ich się rzekomo pojawić aż 10. Do tego powzięto informacje, że Niemcy planują wyposażyć do działań korsarskich 10 swoich najszybszych i dużych statków pasażerskich. W związku z tym uznano za konieczne wybudowanie dużej liczby, bo aż 20 szt. własnych dużych krążowników, przeznaczonych do służby na odległych placówkach (po 5 w Indiach Zachodnich, Chinach, Indiach Wschodnich i Afryce Południowej), gdzie mogły by zastąpić duże krążowniki pancerne. Zaowocowało to powstaniem w lipcu 1913 r. projektu B3 – krążownika o wyporności 7400 ton, uzbrojonego w 8 dział 7,5-calowych, osiągającego 26,5 w. Ostatecznie jednak, z powodów finansowych, projekt nie został skierowany do realizacji. A szkoda, bo jednostka wygląda całkiem ciekawie i mogłaby by stanowić naturalny krok w kierunku późniejszych krążowników ciężkich.
Torrington, british cruiser laid down 1913 (Engine 1914)
Displacement:
6 386 t light; 6 695 t standard; 7 403 t normal; 7 970 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
540,16 ft / 532,02 ft x 52,00 ft x 20,01 ft (normal load)
164,64 m / 162,16 m x 15,85 m x 6,10 m
Armament:
2 - 7,48" / 190 mm guns in single mounts, 209,28lbs / 94,93kg shells, 1913 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
6 - 7,48" / 190 mm guns in single mounts, 209,28lbs / 94,93kg shells, 1913 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread
4 - 2,99" / 76,0 mm guns in single mounts, 13,39lbs / 6,07kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 1,85" / 47,0 mm guns in single mounts, 3,17lbs / 1,44kg shells, 1914 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all forward, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 1 740 lbs / 789 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
4 - 21,0" / 533 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4,02" / 102 mm 215,29 ft / 65,62 m 10,01 ft / 3,05 m
Ends: 2,52" / 64 mm 252,10 ft / 76,84 m 14,47 ft / 4,41 m
64,63 ft / 19,70 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 2,99" / 76 mm 215,29 ft / 65,62 m 6,99 ft / 2,13 m
Main Belt covers 62% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 4,02" / 102 mm 2,99" / 76 mm 4,02" / 102 mm
2nd: 4,02" / 102 mm 2,99" / 76 mm 4,02" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 1,50" / 38 mm, Conning tower: 4,02" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 31 661 shp / 23 619 Kw = 26,00 kts
Range 7 700nm at 12,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 276 tons
Complement:
398 - 518
Cost:
£0,629 million / $2,518 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 218 tons, 2,9%
Armour: 1 880 tons, 25,4%
- Belts: 932 tons, 12,6%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 419 tons, 5,7%
- Armour Deck: 496 tons, 6,7%
- Conning Tower: 33 tons, 0,4%
Machinery: 1 220 tons, 16,5%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3 068 tons, 41,4%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 018 tons, 13,7%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
10 738 lbs / 4 871 Kg = 51,3 x 7,5 " / 190 mm shells or 1,7 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,05
Metacentric height 2,1 ft / 0,6 m
Roll period: 15,2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 81 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,92
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,63
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,468
Length to Beam Ratio: 10,23 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23,07 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 17,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,49 ft / 0,15 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25,00 ft / 7,62 m
- Forecastle (14%): 21,95 ft / 6,69 m
- Mid (64%): 21,95 ft / 6,69 m (13,45 ft / 4,10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (12%): 13,45 ft / 4,10 m
- Stern: 14,47 ft / 4,41 m
- Average freeboard: 19,11 ft / 5,82 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 82,0%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 164,8%
Waterplane Area: 17 916 Square feet or 1 664 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 122%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 96 lbs/sq ft or 470 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,94
- Longitudinal: 1,64
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Torrington (1914)
Cavendish (1915)
Saumarez (1916)
Torrington, british cruiser laid down 1913 (Engine 1914)
Displacement:
6 386 t light; 6 695 t standard; 7 403 t normal; 7 970 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
540,16 ft / 532,02 ft x 52,00 ft x 20,01 ft (normal load)
164,64 m / 162,16 m x 15,85 m x 6,10 m
Armament:
2 - 7,48" / 190 mm guns in single mounts, 209,28lbs / 94,93kg shells, 1913 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
6 - 7,48" / 190 mm guns in single mounts, 209,28lbs / 94,93kg shells, 1913 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread
4 - 2,99" / 76,0 mm guns in single mounts, 13,39lbs / 6,07kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 1,85" / 47,0 mm guns in single mounts, 3,17lbs / 1,44kg shells, 1914 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all forward, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 1 740 lbs / 789 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
4 - 21,0" / 533 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4,02" / 102 mm 215,29 ft / 65,62 m 10,01 ft / 3,05 m
Ends: 2,52" / 64 mm 252,10 ft / 76,84 m 14,47 ft / 4,41 m
64,63 ft / 19,70 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 2,99" / 76 mm 215,29 ft / 65,62 m 6,99 ft / 2,13 m
Main Belt covers 62% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 4,02" / 102 mm 2,99" / 76 mm 4,02" / 102 mm
2nd: 4,02" / 102 mm 2,99" / 76 mm 4,02" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 1,50" / 38 mm, Conning tower: 4,02" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 31 661 shp / 23 619 Kw = 26,00 kts
Range 7 700nm at 12,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 276 tons
Complement:
398 - 518
Cost:
£0,629 million / $2,518 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 218 tons, 2,9%
Armour: 1 880 tons, 25,4%
- Belts: 932 tons, 12,6%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 419 tons, 5,7%
- Armour Deck: 496 tons, 6,7%
- Conning Tower: 33 tons, 0,4%
Machinery: 1 220 tons, 16,5%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3 068 tons, 41,4%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 018 tons, 13,7%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
10 738 lbs / 4 871 Kg = 51,3 x 7,5 " / 190 mm shells or 1,7 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,05
Metacentric height 2,1 ft / 0,6 m
Roll period: 15,2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 81 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,92
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,63
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,468
Length to Beam Ratio: 10,23 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23,07 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 17,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,49 ft / 0,15 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25,00 ft / 7,62 m
- Forecastle (14%): 21,95 ft / 6,69 m
- Mid (64%): 21,95 ft / 6,69 m (13,45 ft / 4,10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (12%): 13,45 ft / 4,10 m
- Stern: 14,47 ft / 4,41 m
- Average freeboard: 19,11 ft / 5,82 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 82,0%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 164,8%
Waterplane Area: 17 916 Square feet or 1 664 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 122%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 96 lbs/sq ft or 470 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,94
- Longitudinal: 1,64
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Torrington (1914)
Cavendish (1915)
Saumarez (1916)
wtorek, 7 kwietnia 2020
Taranowiec Thunderchild
W „Wojnie światów” Herberta Wellsa występował fikcyjny pancerny taranowiec Royal Navy – HMS Thunderchild. Poniżej prezentuję wizję tego okrętu opartą na rysunku wrzuconym przez MacGrega na Forum Okrętów Wojennych i pewnym filmie z Youtube. Okręt co do sylwetki jest wyraźnie inspirowany pancernikami brytyjskimi z lat 80-tych XIX w., jak HMS Victoria i jej pomniejszona wersja (w zasadzie pierwowzór) – HMS Conqueror z 1881 r. Jednak w odróżnieniu od nich, okręt jest szybki, bo osiąga 20 w. (miało być 21 w., ale się nie udało) i uzbrojony w torpedy, których posiada aż 8 podwodnych wyrzutni. Artyleryjsko też nie jest źle jak na 8500-tonowy okręt. Na jego wyposażeniu znalazły się 2 12-calówki Mk VIII o długości lufy 35 kalibrów, wsparte 12 szybkostrzelnymi 6-calówkami Mk I/II/III L/40 oraz tyluż 6-funtówkami Hotchkissa przeciw torpedowcom. Opancerzenie też jest całkiem przyzwoite – pas pancerza na burcie ma 11 cali (choć jest wąski), wieża ma 12 cali od czoła, a pokłady – w najgrubszym miejscu teoretycznie 2 cale pancerza, ale w związku z tym, że Springsharp przyjmuje tylko średnią wartość opancerzenia poziomego, to do symulacji przyjąłem 1,5 cala.
Generalnie okręt o takiej prezencji osobiście widziałbym o dekadę wcześniej, czyli w latach 80-tych (wtedy oczywiście z innymi modelami dział 12- i 6-calowych), ale symulacja wykazała, że nie ma na to szansy przy ówczesnym poziomie technologicznym zwłaszcza w zakresie rozwoju napędu.
Na koniec link do filmu na Youtube, gdzie ta fantazja okrętowa została przedstawiona:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQBund8uLmo
Thunderchild, british armoured torpedo ram laid down 1895 (Engine 1897)
Displacement:
7 815 t light; 8 106 t standard; 8 519 t normal; 8 848 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
320,11 ft / 319,09 ft x 54,99 ft x 22,51 ft (normal load)
97,57 m / 97,26 m x 16,76 m x 6,86 m
Armament:
2 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (1x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1890 Model
Breech loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret
on centreline forward
1 - 9,21" / 234 mm guns in single mounts, 332,30lbs / 150,73kg shells, 1880 Model
Breech loading gun in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline aft
12 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 103,94lbs / 47,15kg shells, 1888 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
6 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
8 - 2,24" / 57,0 mm guns in single mounts, 5,14lbs / 2,33kg shells, 1884 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 2,24" / 57,0 mm guns in single mounts, 5,14lbs / 2,33kg shells, 1884 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 3 373 lbs / 1 530 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 60
8 - 18,0" / 457 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11,0" / 279 mm 122,11 ft / 37,22 m 6,66 ft / 2,03 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 59% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12,0" / 305 mm 10,0" / 254 mm -
2nd: 2,99" / 76 mm 1,85" / 47 mm -
3rd: 5,51" / 140 mm - -
4th: 0,51" / 13 mm - -
5th: 0,51" / 13 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1,50" / 38 mm, Conning tower: 9,02" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 17 714 ihp / 13 215 Kw = 20,00 kts
Range 3 800nm at 9,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 742 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
443 - 576
Cost:
£1,034 million / $4,137 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 422 tons, 4,9%
Armour: 1 893 tons, 22,2%
- Belts: 464 tons, 5,4%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 940 tons, 11,0%
- Armour Deck: 408 tons, 4,8%
- Conning Tower: 81 tons, 1,0%
Machinery: 2 904 tons, 34,1%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2 596 tons, 30,5%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 704 tons, 8,3%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
2 692 lbs / 1 221 Kg = 3,1 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 0,6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,16
Metacentric height 2,7 ft / 0,8 m
Roll period: 14,0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 46 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,70
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,85
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,755
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,80 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17,86 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 62 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -4,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1,02 ft / 0,31 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Forecastle (29%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Mid (50%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Quarterdeck (7%): 16,47 ft / 5,02 m
- Stern: 16,47 ft / 5,02 m
- Average freeboard: 16,10 ft / 4,91 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 174,8%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 102,3%
Waterplane Area: 14 759 Square feet or 1 371 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 77%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 115 lbs/sq ft or 562 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,89
- Longitudinal: 2,62
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather
Generalnie okręt o takiej prezencji osobiście widziałbym o dekadę wcześniej, czyli w latach 80-tych (wtedy oczywiście z innymi modelami dział 12- i 6-calowych), ale symulacja wykazała, że nie ma na to szansy przy ówczesnym poziomie technologicznym zwłaszcza w zakresie rozwoju napędu.
Na koniec link do filmu na Youtube, gdzie ta fantazja okrętowa została przedstawiona:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQBund8uLmo
Thunderchild, british armoured torpedo ram laid down 1895 (Engine 1897)
Displacement:
7 815 t light; 8 106 t standard; 8 519 t normal; 8 848 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
320,11 ft / 319,09 ft x 54,99 ft x 22,51 ft (normal load)
97,57 m / 97,26 m x 16,76 m x 6,86 m
Armament:
2 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (1x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1890 Model
Breech loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret
on centreline forward
1 - 9,21" / 234 mm guns in single mounts, 332,30lbs / 150,73kg shells, 1880 Model
Breech loading gun in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline aft
12 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 103,94lbs / 47,15kg shells, 1888 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
6 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
8 - 2,24" / 57,0 mm guns in single mounts, 5,14lbs / 2,33kg shells, 1884 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 2,24" / 57,0 mm guns in single mounts, 5,14lbs / 2,33kg shells, 1884 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 3 373 lbs / 1 530 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 60
8 - 18,0" / 457 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11,0" / 279 mm 122,11 ft / 37,22 m 6,66 ft / 2,03 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 59% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12,0" / 305 mm 10,0" / 254 mm -
2nd: 2,99" / 76 mm 1,85" / 47 mm -
3rd: 5,51" / 140 mm - -
4th: 0,51" / 13 mm - -
5th: 0,51" / 13 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1,50" / 38 mm, Conning tower: 9,02" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 17 714 ihp / 13 215 Kw = 20,00 kts
Range 3 800nm at 9,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 742 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
443 - 576
Cost:
£1,034 million / $4,137 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 422 tons, 4,9%
Armour: 1 893 tons, 22,2%
- Belts: 464 tons, 5,4%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 940 tons, 11,0%
- Armour Deck: 408 tons, 4,8%
- Conning Tower: 81 tons, 1,0%
Machinery: 2 904 tons, 34,1%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2 596 tons, 30,5%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 704 tons, 8,3%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
2 692 lbs / 1 221 Kg = 3,1 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 0,6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,16
Metacentric height 2,7 ft / 0,8 m
Roll period: 14,0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 46 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,70
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,85
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,755
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,80 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17,86 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 62 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -4,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1,02 ft / 0,31 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Forecastle (29%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Mid (50%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Quarterdeck (7%): 16,47 ft / 5,02 m
- Stern: 16,47 ft / 5,02 m
- Average freeboard: 16,10 ft / 4,91 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 174,8%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 102,3%
Waterplane Area: 14 759 Square feet or 1 371 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 77%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 115 lbs/sq ft or 562 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,89
- Longitudinal: 2,62
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather
sobota, 4 kwietnia 2020
Przebudowa Kirishimy na pancernik torpedowy
Próbowałem się zmierzyć z tematem przebudowy nieukończonego pancernika Salamis na pancernik torpedowy, ale jakoś nic sensownego dotąd nie udało mi się uzyskać. Zatem temat ten chwilowo odpuściłem (ale nie definitywnie), a tymczasem przedstawiam pomysł przebudowy jednego z japońskich krążowników liniowych typu Kongo na pancernik torpedowy.
Okręty ww. typu, mimo przeprowadzanych modernizacji, z racji niewystarczającego opancerzenia w czasie DWS nie nadawały się już do roli capital ships, czyli walki w linii z wrogimi pancernikami. A jak się rychło okazało – były podatne nawet na ogień krążowników 8-calowych. Pojawiały się więc pomysły alternatywnego ich wykorzystania, w tym poniższy projekt przebudowy na pancernik torpedowy. Pochodzi on z końca lat 30-tych, a jego możliwym autorem był sam Yuzuru Hiraga. W ramach postulowanej przebudowy usunięto obydwie rufowe wieże wraz z barbetami, oraz część dział kal. 152 mm w kazamatach. Zamiast nich zainstalowano 56 wyrzutni „długich lanc” – torped kal. 610 mm z systemem dosyłania zapasowych torped z magazynów. Znacznie poprawiono obronę plot, w ramach której zainstalowano 16 dział kal. 127 mm, oraz 36 – kal. 25 mm. Wydaje się, że okręt w takim kształcie został zaprojektowany zgodnie z koncepcją bitwy nocnej – w warunkach takiego starcia, toczonego na relatywnie niedużych odległościach, salwa 28 torped mogła okazać się bardzo skuteczna.
Kirishima, japanese torpedo battleship laid down 1912 (Engine 1939)
Displacement:
29 634 t light; 30 880 t standard; 34 663 t normal; 37 690 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
722,09 ft / 720,47 ft x 91,99 ft (Bulges 96,00 ft) x 30,77 ft (normal load)
220,09 m / 219,60 m x 28,04 m (Bulges 29,26 m) x 9,38 m
Armament:
4 - 14,02" / 356 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1 376,64lbs / 624,43kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
10 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
10 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
16 - 5,00" / 127 mm guns (8x2 guns), 62,50lbs / 28,35kg shells, 1928 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 5,00" / 127 mm guns (2x2 guns), 62,50lbs / 28,35kg shells, 1928 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, all aft, 1 raised mount - superfiring
36 - 0,98" / 25,0 mm guns (12x3 guns), 0,48lbs / 0,22kg shells, 1935 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 8 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 7 845 lbs / 3 559 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
56 - 24,0" / 610 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 7,99" / 203 mm 502,59 ft / 153,19 m 12,47 ft / 3,80 m
Ends: 2,99" / 76 mm 157,22 ft / 47,92 m 11,88 ft / 3,62 m
60,66 ft / 18,49 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 5,98" / 152 mm 295,77 ft / 90,15 m 7,51 ft / 2,29 m
Main Belt covers 107% of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead and Bulges:
2,01" / 51 mm 502,59 ft / 153,19 m 30,58 ft / 9,32 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9,02" / 229 mm 5,98" / 152 mm 12,0" / 305 mm
2nd: 5,98" / 152 mm - -
3rd: 1,85" / 47 mm 0,98" / 25 mm -
4th: 1,85" / 47 mm 0,98" / 25 mm -
- Armour deck: 3,78" / 96 mm, Conning tower: 10,00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 148 646 shp / 110 890 Kw = 30,50 kts
Range 10 000nm at 18,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 6 810 tons
Complement:
1 269 - 1 651
Cost:
£2,424 million / $9,696 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 981 tons, 2,8%
Armour: 9 095 tons, 26,2%
- Belts: 2 947 tons, 8,5%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1 142 tons, 3,3%
- Armament: 1 482 tons, 4,3%
- Armour Deck: 3 296 tons, 9,5%
- Conning Tower: 229 tons, 0,7%
Machinery: 4 022 tons, 11,6%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 15 436 tons, 44,5%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5 030 tons, 14,5%
Miscellaneous weights: 100 tons, 0,3%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
55 954 lbs / 25 380 Kg = 40,6 x 14,0 " / 356 mm shells or 9,6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,25
Metacentric height 6,6 ft / 2,0 m
Roll period: 15,7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 45 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,26
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,81
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,570
Length to Beam Ratio: 7,51 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26,84 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3,50 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26,44 ft / 8,06 m
- Forecastle (21%): 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Mid (65%): 20,44 ft / 6,23 m (11,98 ft / 3,65 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (24%): 12,50 ft / 3,81 m
- Stern: 14,99 ft / 4,57 m
- Average freeboard: 18,77 ft / 5,72 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77,2%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 32,4%
Waterplane Area: 47 132 Square feet or 4 379 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 138%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 229 lbs/sq ft or 1 116 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1,42
- Longitudinal: 1,62
- Overall: 1,44
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather
2 planes
Okręty ww. typu, mimo przeprowadzanych modernizacji, z racji niewystarczającego opancerzenia w czasie DWS nie nadawały się już do roli capital ships, czyli walki w linii z wrogimi pancernikami. A jak się rychło okazało – były podatne nawet na ogień krążowników 8-calowych. Pojawiały się więc pomysły alternatywnego ich wykorzystania, w tym poniższy projekt przebudowy na pancernik torpedowy. Pochodzi on z końca lat 30-tych, a jego możliwym autorem był sam Yuzuru Hiraga. W ramach postulowanej przebudowy usunięto obydwie rufowe wieże wraz z barbetami, oraz część dział kal. 152 mm w kazamatach. Zamiast nich zainstalowano 56 wyrzutni „długich lanc” – torped kal. 610 mm z systemem dosyłania zapasowych torped z magazynów. Znacznie poprawiono obronę plot, w ramach której zainstalowano 16 dział kal. 127 mm, oraz 36 – kal. 25 mm. Wydaje się, że okręt w takim kształcie został zaprojektowany zgodnie z koncepcją bitwy nocnej – w warunkach takiego starcia, toczonego na relatywnie niedużych odległościach, salwa 28 torped mogła okazać się bardzo skuteczna.
Kirishima, japanese torpedo battleship laid down 1912 (Engine 1939)
Displacement:
29 634 t light; 30 880 t standard; 34 663 t normal; 37 690 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
722,09 ft / 720,47 ft x 91,99 ft (Bulges 96,00 ft) x 30,77 ft (normal load)
220,09 m / 219,60 m x 28,04 m (Bulges 29,26 m) x 9,38 m
Armament:
4 - 14,02" / 356 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1 376,64lbs / 624,43kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
10 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
10 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
16 - 5,00" / 127 mm guns (8x2 guns), 62,50lbs / 28,35kg shells, 1928 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 5,00" / 127 mm guns (2x2 guns), 62,50lbs / 28,35kg shells, 1928 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, all aft, 1 raised mount - superfiring
36 - 0,98" / 25,0 mm guns (12x3 guns), 0,48lbs / 0,22kg shells, 1935 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 8 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 7 845 lbs / 3 559 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
56 - 24,0" / 610 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 7,99" / 203 mm 502,59 ft / 153,19 m 12,47 ft / 3,80 m
Ends: 2,99" / 76 mm 157,22 ft / 47,92 m 11,88 ft / 3,62 m
60,66 ft / 18,49 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 5,98" / 152 mm 295,77 ft / 90,15 m 7,51 ft / 2,29 m
Main Belt covers 107% of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead and Bulges:
2,01" / 51 mm 502,59 ft / 153,19 m 30,58 ft / 9,32 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9,02" / 229 mm 5,98" / 152 mm 12,0" / 305 mm
2nd: 5,98" / 152 mm - -
3rd: 1,85" / 47 mm 0,98" / 25 mm -
4th: 1,85" / 47 mm 0,98" / 25 mm -
- Armour deck: 3,78" / 96 mm, Conning tower: 10,00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 148 646 shp / 110 890 Kw = 30,50 kts
Range 10 000nm at 18,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 6 810 tons
Complement:
1 269 - 1 651
Cost:
£2,424 million / $9,696 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 981 tons, 2,8%
Armour: 9 095 tons, 26,2%
- Belts: 2 947 tons, 8,5%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1 142 tons, 3,3%
- Armament: 1 482 tons, 4,3%
- Armour Deck: 3 296 tons, 9,5%
- Conning Tower: 229 tons, 0,7%
Machinery: 4 022 tons, 11,6%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 15 436 tons, 44,5%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5 030 tons, 14,5%
Miscellaneous weights: 100 tons, 0,3%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
55 954 lbs / 25 380 Kg = 40,6 x 14,0 " / 356 mm shells or 9,6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,25
Metacentric height 6,6 ft / 2,0 m
Roll period: 15,7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 45 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,26
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,81
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,570
Length to Beam Ratio: 7,51 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26,84 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3,50 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26,44 ft / 8,06 m
- Forecastle (21%): 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Mid (65%): 20,44 ft / 6,23 m (11,98 ft / 3,65 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (24%): 12,50 ft / 3,81 m
- Stern: 14,99 ft / 4,57 m
- Average freeboard: 18,77 ft / 5,72 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77,2%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 32,4%
Waterplane Area: 47 132 Square feet or 4 379 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 138%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 229 lbs/sq ft or 1 116 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1,42
- Longitudinal: 1,62
- Overall: 1,44
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather
2 planes
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