Kolejny zakup mający wzmocnić nasze siły idące
na odsiecz Hajnanu to amerykański pancernik Texas. Zdaję sobie sprawę, że nowy
nabytek może zostać uznany za kontrowersyjny i
liczę się z tym, że zostanie mocno skrytykowany bowiem okręt ten w 1905
r. nie jest już najnowocześniejszy, nigdy też nie był specjalnie udany..
Niemniej jednak postanowiłem go pozyskać, bowiem na wojnie każda para dział się
liczy, a ten okręt ma, było nie było, dwie 12-calówki. Więc jakieś wzmocnienie
eskadry zawsze by to było – a mieć dwa działa i nie mieć dwóch dział to razem
cztery działa;) Rozwijając nominalnie 17 w. nie stanowiłby też zapewne jakiejś
specjalnej kuli u nogi spowalniającej jej rejs.
Poza tym, Amerykanie nie bardzo go już potrzebując, byli skłonni oddać
go za przysłowiowe grosze w pakiecie z Iową, więc nie było co wybrzydzać..
W USA okręt ten był klasyfikowany jako pancernik II klasy. U nas, w 1905 r., może być już tylko pancernikiem obrony wybrzeża, i jako taki go sklasyfikowałem.
Co ciekawe,
springsharpowi niezbyt spodobały się realne dane tego okrętu. Starałem się
wprowadzić je maksymalnie wiernie (opierając się m.in. na Conway’u 1860-1905 i
artykule w Okrętach Wojennych nr 118), a i tak program narzeka że okręt może
mieć kłopoty w pływaniu pełnomorskim (Hull subject to strain
in open-sea), co wynika z przeciążenia konstrukcji (Hull strength (overall)
wynosi 0,73, a powinno być dla takiej jednostki 1,00. A to i tak
po zmniejszeniu prędkości ekonomicznej do 10 w. Przy projektowej 11,8 w. (moim
zdaniem nierealnej) Hull strength (overall) wynosiło zaledwie 0,60. Efektem
nadmiernego przeciążenia jednostki jest m.in. niska wyliczona przez program
odporność na trafienia pociskami, choć jak na mój gust, chyba aż tak źle by nie
było. Ogólnie jednak chyba potwierdza się, że nie była to zbyt udana jednostka.
ps. wiem, że
mamy na blogu zwolenników okrętów w diagonalnym ustawieniem artylerii, więc
mimo wszystko liczę na jakiś głos poparcia dla tego zakupu:)
Zygmunt August, polish coast defence battleship laid down 1889 (Engine 1892), purchased 1905
Displacement:
5 379 t light; 5 616 t standard; 6 320 t normal; 6 883 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
301,35 ft / 301,35 ft x 64,07 ft x 22,51 ft (normal load)
91,85 m / 91,85 m x 19,53 m x 6,86 m
Armament:
2 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns in single mounts, 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1896 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
4 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 95,90lbs / 43,50kg shells, 1883 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
2 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 95,90lbs / 43,50kg shells, 1883 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread
3 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
2 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 2 371 lbs / 1 076 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
4 - 14,0" / 356 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12,0" / 305 mm 118,01 ft / 35,97 m 6,99 ft / 2,13 m
Ends: 7,99" / 203 mm 34,06 ft / 10,38 m 6,99 ft / 2,13 m
149,28 ft / 45,50 m Unarmoured ends
Main Belt covers 60% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12,0" / 305 mm 12,0" / 305 mm 12,0" / 305 mm
2nd: 5,98" / 152 mm - -
3rd: 2,01" / 51 mm 2,01" / 51 mm -
- Armour deck: 2,01" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 9,02" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 7 273 ihp / 5 426 Kw = 17,00 kts
Range 6 000nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 267 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
353 - 460
Cost:
£0,619 million / $2,476 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 296 tons, 4,7%
Armour: 1 837 tons, 29,1%
- Belts: 598 tons, 9,5%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 690 tons, 10,9%
- Armour Deck: 482 tons, 7,6%
- Conning Tower: 66 tons, 1,1%
Machinery: 1 299 tons, 20,6%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1 947 tons, 30,8%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 941 tons, 14,9%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
4 713 lbs / 2 138 Kg = 5,5 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 1,2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,08
Metacentric height 3,0 ft / 0,9 m
Roll period: 15,6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 96 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,74
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,93
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,509
Length to Beam Ratio: 4,70 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17,36 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -5,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20,93 ft / 6,38 m
- Forecastle (22%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Mid (50%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Quarterdeck (31%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Stern: 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Average freeboard: 18,21 ft / 5,55 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 101,5%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 117,6%
Waterplane Area: 12 971 Square feet or 1 205 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 93%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 96 lbs/sq ft or 470 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,62
- Longitudinal: 3,31
- Overall: 0,73
Caution: Hull subject to strain in open-sea
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Displacement:
5 379 t light; 5 616 t standard; 6 320 t normal; 6 883 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
301,35 ft / 301,35 ft x 64,07 ft x 22,51 ft (normal load)
91,85 m / 91,85 m x 19,53 m x 6,86 m
Armament:
2 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns in single mounts, 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1896 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
4 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 95,90lbs / 43,50kg shells, 1883 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
2 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 95,90lbs / 43,50kg shells, 1883 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread
3 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
2 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 2 371 lbs / 1 076 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
4 - 14,0" / 356 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12,0" / 305 mm 118,01 ft / 35,97 m 6,99 ft / 2,13 m
Ends: 7,99" / 203 mm 34,06 ft / 10,38 m 6,99 ft / 2,13 m
149,28 ft / 45,50 m Unarmoured ends
Main Belt covers 60% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12,0" / 305 mm 12,0" / 305 mm 12,0" / 305 mm
2nd: 5,98" / 152 mm - -
3rd: 2,01" / 51 mm 2,01" / 51 mm -
- Armour deck: 2,01" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 9,02" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 7 273 ihp / 5 426 Kw = 17,00 kts
Range 6 000nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 267 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
353 - 460
Cost:
£0,619 million / $2,476 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 296 tons, 4,7%
Armour: 1 837 tons, 29,1%
- Belts: 598 tons, 9,5%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 690 tons, 10,9%
- Armour Deck: 482 tons, 7,6%
- Conning Tower: 66 tons, 1,1%
Machinery: 1 299 tons, 20,6%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1 947 tons, 30,8%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 941 tons, 14,9%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
4 713 lbs / 2 138 Kg = 5,5 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 1,2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,08
Metacentric height 3,0 ft / 0,9 m
Roll period: 15,6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 96 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,74
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,93
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,509
Length to Beam Ratio: 4,70 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17,36 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -5,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20,93 ft / 6,38 m
- Forecastle (22%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Mid (50%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Quarterdeck (31%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Stern: 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Average freeboard: 18,21 ft / 5,55 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 101,5%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 117,6%
Waterplane Area: 12 971 Square feet or 1 205 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 93%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 96 lbs/sq ft or 470 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,62
- Longitudinal: 3,31
- Overall: 0,73
Caution: Hull subject to strain in open-sea
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather