Próbowałem zmierzyć się z tematem poruszanym swego czasu w komentarzach, czyli przebudowy nieukończonego greckiego Salamisa na pancernik torpedowy, ale jakoś nic specjalnego mi nie wyszło. Zatem proponuję coś innego w podobnym klimacie – amerykański pancernik torpedowy wg projektu z 1912 r. Przesłanką do opracowania tego typu jednostki były m. in. wyniki gier wojennych prowadzonych w ówczesnej US Navy, wg których z dwóch flot o zbliżonym potencjale, zwykle wygrywała ta, która miała w swoim składzie pancerniki torpedowe. Ostatecznie żaden taki okręt nie powstał, ale pomysły te znalazły pewne odbicie w charakterystykach budowanych ówcześnie pancerników amerykańskich, w postaci uzbrajania je także w wyrzutnie torped. Z perspektywy doświadczeń wojennych koncepcja pancernika torpedowego może nie wydawać się atrakcyjna, ale projekty okrętów które w jej ramach powstawały, niewątpliwie były ciekawe. Ten który poniżej proponuję, jest bodaj najbardziej zrównoważony – przy dość silnym uzbrojeniu artyleryjskim ma tylko 8 wyrzutni torped, niezły pancerz (burta to de facto 7,5 cala + 2 cale skosu). Ale były też projekty z 3 lub 4 działami w jednej wieży, bądź w ogóle bez ciężkiego uzbrojenia (!), za to z odpowiednio liczniejszym uzbrojeniem torpedowym – od 12 do 18 wyrzutni. Albo z artylerią średnią w postaci 40 (!) dział 152 mm, lub… 76 mm (!), z pancerzem burtowym nawet do 356 mm albo w ogóle bez niego, za to… ze skosami pokładu pancernego (!). Ogólnie co jeden to lepszy, w związku z czym niewykluczone, że do tego tematu jeszcze powrócę ;)
Rysunek i symulacja powstały na podstawie ilustracji i informacji z IV tomu „Amerykańskich ciężkich okrętów artyleryjskich na tle konstrukcji innych państw” Macieja Chodnickiego oraz oryginalnego szkicu projektowego (link: https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/s-file/S-584-019/_jcr_content/mediaitem/image.img.jpg/1438289922327.jpg)
Franklin, United States torpedo battleship laid down 1912 (Engine 1913)
Displacement:
27 397 t light; 28 686 t standard; 30 011 t normal; 31 071 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
782,26 ft / 779,43 ft x 87,70 ft x 28,51 ft (normal load)
238,43 m / 237,57 m x 26,73 m x 8,69 m
Armament:
6 - 14,02" / 356 mm guns (2x3 guns), 1 376,64lbs / 624,43kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
12 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1903 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side ends, evenly spread
12 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
4 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1903 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships
4 - 2,99" / 76,0 mm guns in single mounts, 13,39lbs / 6,07kg shells, 1913 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 10 028 lbs / 4 549 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
8 - 21,0" / 533 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9,49" / 241 mm 543,37 ft / 165,62 m 10,01 ft / 3,05 m
Ends: 7,52" / 191 mm 99,44 ft / 30,31 m 10,01 ft / 3,05 m
136,61 ft / 41,64 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 7,52" / 191 mm 542,39 ft / 165,32 m 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
Main Belt covers 107% of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1,26" / 32 mm 428,02 ft / 130,46 m 28,08 ft / 8,56 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18,0" / 457 mm 10,0" / 254 mm 13,0" / 330 mm
2nd: 7,52" / 191 mm - -
- Armour deck: 2,99" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 15,98" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 80 028 shp / 59 701 Kw = 27,00 kts
Range 8 000nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2 385 tons
Complement:
1 139 - 1 482
Cost:
£2,451 million / $9,803 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 253 tons, 4,2%
Armour: 10 765 tons, 35,9%
- Belts: 5 135 tons, 17,1%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 560 tons, 1,9%
- Armament: 2 123 tons, 7,1%
- Armour Deck: 2 614 tons, 8,7%
- Conning Tower: 333 tons, 1,1%
Machinery: 3 136 tons, 10,4%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 12 243 tons, 40,8%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2 614 tons, 8,7%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
42 722 lbs / 19 378 Kg = 31,0 x 14,0 " / 356 mm shells or 6,1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,13
Metacentric height 5,1 ft / 1,6 m
Roll period: 16,2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 68 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,53
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,37
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,539
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,89 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27,92 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 43 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26,94 ft / 8,21 m
- Forecastle (25%): 26,44 ft / 8,06 m
- Mid (33%): 26,44 ft / 8,06 m (17,95 ft / 5,47 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (25%): 17,95 ft / 5,47 m
- Stern: 18,44 ft / 5,62 m
- Average freeboard: 20,89 ft / 6,37 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90,4%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 153,2%
Waterplane Area: 47 215 Square feet or 4 386 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 111%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 178 lbs/sq ft or 867 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1,10
- Longitudinal: 1,17
- Overall: 1,11
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Franklin (1913)
Ethan Allen (1914)
poniedziałek, 30 marca 2020
środa, 25 marca 2020
Lotniskowiec Komsomolec
Pierwsze plany budowy lotniskowców w ZSRR datują się na lata 20-te. Powstały wtedy m.in. projekty przebudowy na okręty lotnicze nieukończonego krążownika liniowego Izmaił, i pancernika Połtawa, które jednak w 1926 r. zostały odrzucone jako zbyt ambitne. Pojawił się wtedy pomysł przebudowy okrętu szkolnego Komsomolec (ex-Okean) – z pewnością nie tak obiecujący jeśli chodzi o możliwości bojowe jednostki, ale zdecydowanie bardziej realny. Przebudowa obejmowała by zabudowanie na okręcie hangaru o długości ok. 100 m, ciągłego pokładu lotniczego o wymiarach 137 m x 22 m, wyposażonego w dwa podnośniki samolotów oraz wymianę kotłów na jednorodny zestaw (jako okręt szkolny jednostka miała dla celów szkoleniowych maksymalnie zróżnicowany ich zestaw). Parametry okrętu po konwersji plasowały by go z grubsza na poziomie drugowojennych lotniskowców eskortowych, choć miałby zdecydowanie silniejszą od nich artylerię (16 dział kal. 102 mm) i nieco liczebniejszą grupę lotniczą (wg projektu 26 myśliwców i 16 bombowców, ale zasady przyjęte dla okrętów lotniczych w springsharpie wskazują na maksymalną pojemność na poziomie 36 maszyn). Ograniczona do 15 w. prędkość w zasadzie wykluczała by akcje ofensywne a nawet pływanie w jednym zespole z okrętami artyleryjskimi jako ich osłona. Pozostają więc funkcje szkolne, rozpoznawcze i ogólnie pojęte zbieranie doświadczeń w dziedzinie eksploatacji okrętów lotniczych. W takiej roli jednostka mogła by być przydatna i stanowić niezbędny pierwszy krok w kierunku stworzenia w przyszłości okrętów lotniczych z prawdziwego zdarzenia.
Komsomolec, soviet training aircraft carrier laid down 1901 (Engine 1902), rebuilt 1928
Displacement:
10 882 t light; 11 207 t standard; 11 979 t normal; 12 597 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
490,75 ft / 473,29 ft x 57,15 ft x 25,00 ft (normal load)
149,58 m / 144,26 m x 17,42 m x 7,62 m
Armament:
8 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1927 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1927 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side ends, evenly spread, 3 raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (2x4 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1915 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
2 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (1x2 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1915 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mount
on centreline aft
Weight of broadside 538 lbs / 244 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,97" / 50 mm 1,57" / 40 mm 1,97" / 50 mm
2nd: 1,97" / 50 mm 1,57" / 40 mm 1,97" / 50 mm
- Armour deck: 1,57" / 40 mm, Conning tower: 2,95" / 75 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 6 055 ihp / 4 517 Kw = 15,00 kts
Range 7 000nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 390 tons
Complement:
917
Cost:
£0,554 million / $2,216 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 67 tons, 0,6%
Armour: 829 tons, 6,9%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 209 tons, 1,7%
- Armour Deck: 587 tons, 4,9%
- Conning Tower: 33 tons, 0,3%
Machinery: 834 tons, 7,0%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5 552 tons, 46,3%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 097 tons, 9,2%
Miscellaneous weights: 3 600 tons, 30,1%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
10 912 lbs / 4 949 Kg = 337,0 x 4,0 " / 102 mm shells or 1,3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 0,86
Metacentric height 1,6 ft / 0,5 m
Roll period: 19,2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 84 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,31
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2,00
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,620
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,28 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 21,76 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 30 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 42
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 17,45 ft / 5,32 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29,92 ft / 9,12 m
- Forecastle (14%): 22,93 ft / 6,99 m
- Mid (50%): 19,95 ft / 6,08 m
- Quarterdeck (8%): 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Stern: 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Average freeboard: 21,72 ft / 6,62 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 60,9%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 141,2%
Waterplane Area: 20 156 Square feet or 1 873 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 181%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 155 lbs/sq ft or 754 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1,65
- Longitudinal: 4,23
- Overall: 1,82
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
36 planes
Komsomolec, soviet training aircraft carrier laid down 1901 (Engine 1902), rebuilt 1928
Displacement:
10 882 t light; 11 207 t standard; 11 979 t normal; 12 597 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
490,75 ft / 473,29 ft x 57,15 ft x 25,00 ft (normal load)
149,58 m / 144,26 m x 17,42 m x 7,62 m
Armament:
8 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1927 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1927 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side ends, evenly spread, 3 raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (2x4 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1915 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
2 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (1x2 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1915 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mount
on centreline aft
Weight of broadside 538 lbs / 244 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,97" / 50 mm 1,57" / 40 mm 1,97" / 50 mm
2nd: 1,97" / 50 mm 1,57" / 40 mm 1,97" / 50 mm
- Armour deck: 1,57" / 40 mm, Conning tower: 2,95" / 75 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 6 055 ihp / 4 517 Kw = 15,00 kts
Range 7 000nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 390 tons
Complement:
917
Cost:
£0,554 million / $2,216 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 67 tons, 0,6%
Armour: 829 tons, 6,9%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 209 tons, 1,7%
- Armour Deck: 587 tons, 4,9%
- Conning Tower: 33 tons, 0,3%
Machinery: 834 tons, 7,0%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5 552 tons, 46,3%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 097 tons, 9,2%
Miscellaneous weights: 3 600 tons, 30,1%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
10 912 lbs / 4 949 Kg = 337,0 x 4,0 " / 102 mm shells or 1,3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 0,86
Metacentric height 1,6 ft / 0,5 m
Roll period: 19,2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 84 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,31
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2,00
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,620
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,28 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 21,76 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 30 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 42
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 17,45 ft / 5,32 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29,92 ft / 9,12 m
- Forecastle (14%): 22,93 ft / 6,99 m
- Mid (50%): 19,95 ft / 6,08 m
- Quarterdeck (8%): 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Stern: 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Average freeboard: 21,72 ft / 6,62 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 60,9%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 141,2%
Waterplane Area: 20 156 Square feet or 1 873 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 181%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 155 lbs/sq ft or 754 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1,65
- Longitudinal: 4,23
- Overall: 1,82
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
36 planes
sobota, 21 marca 2020
Torpedowce typu Le Fier
W dzisiejszej odsłonie bloga nietypowe torpedowce, które gdyby nie klęska Francji w 1940 r., miały wszelkie szanse wejść do służby w znacznej ilości w Marynarce wojennej tego kraju. Unikalne jest w nich rozmieszczenie uzbrojenia artyleryjskiego w całości na rufie (nawiasem mówiąc – składającego się z dział uniwersalnych), oraz… opancerzenie pokładu. Oczywiście, przy tej wielkości okrętów stanowi ono jedynie osłonę przed odłamkami, ale i tak jest to ewenement na światową skalę. Oprócz wspomnianych dział uniwersalnych kal. 100 mm, okręty posiadają 4 działka lot kal. 37 mm, 4 zdwojone km-y Hotchkissa, 4 wyrzutnie torped kal. 550 mm oraz 2 rufowe zrzutnie bomb głębinowych. W chwili poddania się Francji 3 okręty spłynęły już na wodę, a 4 kolejne były w różnych stadiach zaawansowania budowy na pochylniach. Niemcy zamierzali ukończyć w zmodernizowanej formie 6 jednostek, do czego jednak ostatecznie nie doszło. Natomiast wg oryginalnych planów francuskich, miało powstać co najmniej 14 jednostek (dla tylu są znane nazwy).
Le Fier, french torpedo boat laid down 1939 (Engine 1940)
Displacement:
972 t light; 1 011 t standard; 1 040 t normal; 1 063 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
315,00 ft / 303,25 ft x 30,84 ft x 10,66 ft (normal load)
96,01 m / 92,43 m x 9,40 m x 3,25 m
Armament:
4 - 3,94" / 100 mm guns (2x2 guns), 30,51lbs / 13,84kg shells, 1933 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, all aft, 1 raised mount aft - superfiring
4 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,55lbs / 0,70kg shells, 1925 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
8 - 0,52" / 13,2 mm guns (4x2 guns), 0,07lbs / 0,03kg shells, 1929 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 129 lbs / 58 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
4 - 21,7" / 550 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,18" / 30 mm 0,79" / 20 mm -
- Armour deck: 0,98" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 1,18" / 30 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 30 041 shp / 22 411 Kw = 33,00 kts
Range 2 000nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 52 tons
Complement:
91 - 119
Cost:
£0,688 million / $2,750 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 16 tons, 1,5%
Armour: 115 tons, 11,1%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 9 tons, 0,9%
- Armour Deck: 103 tons, 9,9%
- Conning Tower: 3 tons, 0,3%
Machinery: 505 tons, 48,5%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 316 tons, 30,4%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 68 tons, 6,5%
Miscellaneous weights: 20 tons, 1,9%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
288 lbs / 131 Kg = 9,5 x 3,9 " / 100 mm shells or 0,3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,21
Metacentric height 1,2 ft / 0,4 m
Roll period: 11,7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 47 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,28
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,71
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,365
Length to Beam Ratio: 9,83 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17,41 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 68 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 63
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 26,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3,48 ft / 1,06 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16,96 ft / 5,17 m
- Forecastle (16%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Mid (30%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m (9,97 ft / 3,04 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (12%): 9,97 ft / 3,04 m
- Stern: 9,97 ft / 3,04 m
- Average freeboard: 11,85 ft / 3,61 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 171,5%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 80,8%
Waterplane Area: 5 679 Square feet or 528 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 56%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 31 lbs/sq ft or 151 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,48
- Longitudinal: 1,54
- Overall: 0,54
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather
2 depth charge racks
Le Fier (1940)
L’Agile (1940)
L’Entreprenant (1940)
Le Farouche (1940)
L’Alsacien (1941)
Le Corse (1941)
Le Breton (1941)
Le Tunisien (1942)
Le Normand (1942)
Le Parisien (1942)
Le Provencal (1942)
Le Saintongeais (1942)
Le Nicois (1942)
Le Fier, french torpedo boat laid down 1939 (Engine 1940)
Displacement:
972 t light; 1 011 t standard; 1 040 t normal; 1 063 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
315,00 ft / 303,25 ft x 30,84 ft x 10,66 ft (normal load)
96,01 m / 92,43 m x 9,40 m x 3,25 m
Armament:
4 - 3,94" / 100 mm guns (2x2 guns), 30,51lbs / 13,84kg shells, 1933 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, all aft, 1 raised mount aft - superfiring
4 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,55lbs / 0,70kg shells, 1925 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
8 - 0,52" / 13,2 mm guns (4x2 guns), 0,07lbs / 0,03kg shells, 1929 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 129 lbs / 58 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
4 - 21,7" / 550 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,18" / 30 mm 0,79" / 20 mm -
- Armour deck: 0,98" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 1,18" / 30 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 30 041 shp / 22 411 Kw = 33,00 kts
Range 2 000nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 52 tons
Complement:
91 - 119
Cost:
£0,688 million / $2,750 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 16 tons, 1,5%
Armour: 115 tons, 11,1%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 9 tons, 0,9%
- Armour Deck: 103 tons, 9,9%
- Conning Tower: 3 tons, 0,3%
Machinery: 505 tons, 48,5%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 316 tons, 30,4%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 68 tons, 6,5%
Miscellaneous weights: 20 tons, 1,9%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
288 lbs / 131 Kg = 9,5 x 3,9 " / 100 mm shells or 0,3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,21
Metacentric height 1,2 ft / 0,4 m
Roll period: 11,7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 47 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,28
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,71
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,365
Length to Beam Ratio: 9,83 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17,41 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 68 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 63
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 26,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3,48 ft / 1,06 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16,96 ft / 5,17 m
- Forecastle (16%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Mid (30%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m (9,97 ft / 3,04 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (12%): 9,97 ft / 3,04 m
- Stern: 9,97 ft / 3,04 m
- Average freeboard: 11,85 ft / 3,61 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 171,5%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 80,8%
Waterplane Area: 5 679 Square feet or 528 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 56%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 31 lbs/sq ft or 151 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,48
- Longitudinal: 1,54
- Overall: 0,54
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather
2 depth charge racks
Le Fier (1940)
L’Agile (1940)
L’Entreprenant (1940)
Le Farouche (1940)
L’Alsacien (1941)
Le Corse (1941)
Le Breton (1941)
Le Tunisien (1942)
Le Normand (1942)
Le Parisien (1942)
Le Provencal (1942)
Le Saintongeais (1942)
Le Nicois (1942)
środa, 18 marca 2020
Wczesny lotniskowiec dla Royal Navy
W 1912 r. niejaki William Beardmore zaproponował Admiralicji, bodaj jako pierwszy na świecie, zbudowanie od podstaw lotniskowca. Miał to być niecodzienny okręt, pod pewnymi względami (zwłaszcza przez posiadanie ciągłego pokładu lotniczego na całej długości kadłuba, oraz hangaru poniżej, połączonych windą do podnoszenia samolotów) wyprzedzający swoją epokę. Z drugiej strony – projekt przewidywał też dość kontrowersyjne rozwiązanie w postaci dwóch nadbudówek (po jednej na każdej z burt), każda z kominem i masztem, połączone ze sobą mostkiem z kabiną nawigacyjną. Ta właśnie cecha była być może powodem odrzucenia projektu – gdyż było wielce prawdopodobne, że dwie nadbudówki powodowały by niebezpieczne dla ówczesnych lekkich samolotów zawirowania nad pokładem rufowym, czyli w strefie lądowania. Niemniej – jednostka wygląda nader interesująco ;)
Montague, british aircraft carrier laid down 1912 (Engine 1913)
Displacement:
13 360 t light; 13 682 t standard; 14 742 t normal; 15 590 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
450,23 ft / 431,82 ft x 79,82 ft x 23,43 ft (normal load)
137,23 m / 131,62 m x 24,33 m x 7,14 m
Armament:
6 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1904 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 194 lbs / 88 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,50" / 38 mm 0,98" / 25 mm -
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 25 926 shp / 19 341 Kw = 21,00 kts
Range 8 000nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 908 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
668 - 869
Cost:
£0,644 million / $2,578 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 24 tons, 0,2%
Armour: 21 tons, 0,1%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 21 tons, 0,1%
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0,0%
Machinery: 1 117 tons, 7,6%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10 597 tons, 71,9%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 382 tons, 9,4%
Miscellaneous weights: 1 600 tons, 10,9%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
38 102 lbs / 17 283 Kg = 1 176,7 x 4,0 " / 102 mm shells or 5,8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,26
Metacentric height 5,4 ft / 1,6 m
Roll period: 14,4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 57 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,02
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,15
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,639
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,41 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20,78 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 16,96 ft / 5,17 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16,47 ft / 5,02 m
- Forecastle (20%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Mid (50%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Stern: 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Average freeboard: 15,99 ft / 4,87 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 39,2%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 118,8%
Waterplane Area: 26 140 Square feet or 2 428 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 364%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 300 lbs/sq ft or 1 464 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 3,10
- Longitudinal: 5,08
- Overall: 3,25
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
16 planes
Montague, british aircraft carrier laid down 1912 (Engine 1913)
Displacement:
13 360 t light; 13 682 t standard; 14 742 t normal; 15 590 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
450,23 ft / 431,82 ft x 79,82 ft x 23,43 ft (normal load)
137,23 m / 131,62 m x 24,33 m x 7,14 m
Armament:
6 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1904 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 194 lbs / 88 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,50" / 38 mm 0,98" / 25 mm -
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 25 926 shp / 19 341 Kw = 21,00 kts
Range 8 000nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 908 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
668 - 869
Cost:
£0,644 million / $2,578 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 24 tons, 0,2%
Armour: 21 tons, 0,1%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 21 tons, 0,1%
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0,0%
Machinery: 1 117 tons, 7,6%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10 597 tons, 71,9%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 382 tons, 9,4%
Miscellaneous weights: 1 600 tons, 10,9%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
38 102 lbs / 17 283 Kg = 1 176,7 x 4,0 " / 102 mm shells or 5,8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,26
Metacentric height 5,4 ft / 1,6 m
Roll period: 14,4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 57 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,02
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,15
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,639
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,41 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20,78 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 16,96 ft / 5,17 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 16,47 ft / 5,02 m
- Forecastle (20%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Mid (50%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Stern: 15,94 ft / 4,86 m
- Average freeboard: 15,99 ft / 4,87 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 39,2%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 118,8%
Waterplane Area: 26 140 Square feet or 2 428 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 364%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 300 lbs/sq ft or 1 464 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 3,10
- Longitudinal: 5,08
- Overall: 3,25
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
16 planes
piątek, 13 marca 2020
Szybka fregata dla Royal Navy
Dzisiejszy projekt stanowi próbę skonstruowania w realiach lat 70-tych XIX w. okrętu przeznaczonego do zadań krążowniczych, istotnie szybszego niż ówczesne pancerniki. Wydawało by się, że fakt, że okręty innych klas są szybsze od pancerników powinien być oczywisty, ale w tamtym czasie tak nie było. Osiągi pancerników i ówczesnych krążowników pancernych czyli de facto słabszych pancerników, a nawet jednostek nieopancerzonych w zasadzie wiele się nie różniły. Stawiało to pod poważnym znakiem zapytania wykorzystanie tych ostatnich w działaniach floty, skoro nie mogły uciec przed jednostkami zdolnymi z łatwością je zniszczyć. Pomyślałem, że warto by spróbować coś z tym fantem zrobić. Za minimum uznałem prędkość rzędu 18 w. Zgodnie z realiami epoki (duże zużycie węgla przez ówczesne maszyny parowe!), okręt powinien posiadać jeszcze ożaglowanie, jeśli nie pełne rejowe to przynajmniej częściowe.
Pożądana prędkość, przy ówczesnym poziomie techniki, implikuje wielką wagę urządzeń napędowych. Stąd niezbyt pokaźne uzbrojenie (4x229, 10x178, 2x160) oraz praktyczny brak opancerzenia przy znacznych rozmiarach, bo długości 123 m i wyporności 7600 ton. W sumie, powstał okręt niezwykle kosztowny, ale o nieporażających walorach bojowych. Z tego zapewne względu, faktycznie nic podobnego nie wybudowano. Na szczęście nas tu ograniczenia budżetowe specjalnie nie obowiązują, więc możemy sobie zobaczyć, jakby taki okręt mógł wyglądać.
Nonsuch, british frigate laid down 1874 (Engine 1875)
Displacement:
6 609 t light; 6 876 t standard; 7 600 t normal; 8 179 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
410,68 ft / 403,67 ft x 54,33 ft x 23,92 ft (normal load)
125,18 m / 123,04 m x 16,56 m x 7,29 m
Armament:
4 - 9,02" / 229 mm guns in single mounts, 229,01lbs / 103,88kg shells, 1865 Model
Muzzle loading guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread
10 - 7,01" / 178 mm guns in single mounts, 130,78lbs / 59,32kg shells, 1874 Model
Muzzle loading guns in broadside mounts
on side, all amidships
10 guns on gundeck (upper belt level) - Limited use in heavy seas
2 - 6,30" / 160 mm guns in single mounts, 76,24lbs / 34,58kg shells, 1864 Model
Muzzle loading guns in casemate mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread
2 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
Weight of broadside 2 376 lbs / 1 078 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
4 - 14,0" / 356 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Conning tower: 10,00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 11 628 ihp / 8 674 Kw = 18,60 kts
Range 3 100nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 303 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
775
Cost:
£0,844 million / $3,375 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 297 tons, 3,9%
Armour: 83 tons, 1,1%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Conning Tower: 83 tons, 1,1%
Machinery: 2 593 tons, 34,1%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3 238 tons, 42,6%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 991 tons, 13,0%
Miscellaneous weights: 398 tons, 5,2%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
3 918 lbs / 1 777 Kg = 14,1 x 9,0 " / 229 mm shells or 0,6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,18
Metacentric height 2,7 ft / 0,8 m
Roll period: 13,8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 100 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,57
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2,00
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,507
Length to Beam Ratio: 7,43 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20,09 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3,50 degrees
Stern overhang: 5,48 ft / 1,67 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25,00 ft / 7,62 m
- Forecastle (10%): 23,92 ft / 7,29 m
- Mid (50%): 21,95 ft / 6,69 m
- Quarterdeck (11%): 24,44 ft / 7,45 m
- Stern: 25,95 ft / 7,91 m
- Average freeboard: 23,43 ft / 7,14 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 144,8%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 144,6%
Waterplane Area: 14 156 Square feet or 1 315 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 94%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 110 lbs/sq ft or 535 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,84
- Longitudinal: 4,94
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Pożądana prędkość, przy ówczesnym poziomie techniki, implikuje wielką wagę urządzeń napędowych. Stąd niezbyt pokaźne uzbrojenie (4x229, 10x178, 2x160) oraz praktyczny brak opancerzenia przy znacznych rozmiarach, bo długości 123 m i wyporności 7600 ton. W sumie, powstał okręt niezwykle kosztowny, ale o nieporażających walorach bojowych. Z tego zapewne względu, faktycznie nic podobnego nie wybudowano. Na szczęście nas tu ograniczenia budżetowe specjalnie nie obowiązują, więc możemy sobie zobaczyć, jakby taki okręt mógł wyglądać.
Nonsuch, british frigate laid down 1874 (Engine 1875)
Displacement:
6 609 t light; 6 876 t standard; 7 600 t normal; 8 179 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
410,68 ft / 403,67 ft x 54,33 ft x 23,92 ft (normal load)
125,18 m / 123,04 m x 16,56 m x 7,29 m
Armament:
4 - 9,02" / 229 mm guns in single mounts, 229,01lbs / 103,88kg shells, 1865 Model
Muzzle loading guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread
10 - 7,01" / 178 mm guns in single mounts, 130,78lbs / 59,32kg shells, 1874 Model
Muzzle loading guns in broadside mounts
on side, all amidships
10 guns on gundeck (upper belt level) - Limited use in heavy seas
2 - 6,30" / 160 mm guns in single mounts, 76,24lbs / 34,58kg shells, 1864 Model
Muzzle loading guns in casemate mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread
2 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
Weight of broadside 2 376 lbs / 1 078 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
4 - 14,0" / 356 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Conning tower: 10,00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 11 628 ihp / 8 674 Kw = 18,60 kts
Range 3 100nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 303 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
775
Cost:
£0,844 million / $3,375 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 297 tons, 3,9%
Armour: 83 tons, 1,1%
- Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Conning Tower: 83 tons, 1,1%
Machinery: 2 593 tons, 34,1%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3 238 tons, 42,6%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 991 tons, 13,0%
Miscellaneous weights: 398 tons, 5,2%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
3 918 lbs / 1 777 Kg = 14,1 x 9,0 " / 229 mm shells or 0,6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,18
Metacentric height 2,7 ft / 0,8 m
Roll period: 13,8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 100 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,57
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2,00
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,507
Length to Beam Ratio: 7,43 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20,09 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3,50 degrees
Stern overhang: 5,48 ft / 1,67 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25,00 ft / 7,62 m
- Forecastle (10%): 23,92 ft / 7,29 m
- Mid (50%): 21,95 ft / 6,69 m
- Quarterdeck (11%): 24,44 ft / 7,45 m
- Stern: 25,95 ft / 7,91 m
- Average freeboard: 23,43 ft / 7,14 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 144,8%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 144,6%
Waterplane Area: 14 156 Square feet or 1 315 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 94%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 110 lbs/sq ft or 535 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,84
- Longitudinal: 4,94
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
niedziela, 8 marca 2020
Krążownik eskortowy
Poniższy okręt wymyśliłem rozważając możliwą reakcję Royal Navy na niemieckie mini-lotniskowce opisane w poście z 8 lutego. Klasyfikację należy oczywiście traktować czysto umownie. Okręt w założeniu ma być eskortowcem o rozmiarach większych niż rzeczywiście budowane niszczyciele eskortowe i fregaty i pod względem artyleryjskim ciężej od nich uzbrojonym, ale o rozmiarach na tyle ograniczonych, że możliwa była by seryjna produkcja tego typu okrętów. Przyjęty limit wyporności wyniósł 2000 ton. W takim limicie oczywiście nie ma co liczyć na jakieś poważniejsze opancerzenie, jeśli uzbrojenie, prędkość i zasięg mają być przyzwoite. Poza tym – koszty wytworzenia pancerza z prawdziwego zdarzenia kłócą się z ideą masowej produkcji. Ostatecznie zdecydowałem się na cienką osłonę burt, chroniącą rejon kotłowni i maszynowni co najwyżej przed odłamkami, nie koniecznie nawet wykonaną ze stali pancernej. Co do uzbrojenia – zakładam, że występowało by w wielu wariantach. Dla prototypu wybrałem 4 działa 152 mm L/45 model 1913, pochodzące z przebudowanych krążowników lekkich typu C. Ale w przypadku liczniejszej budowy takich okrętów, dopuszczam możliwość zastosowania wszystkich możliwych dział jakie tyko by się udało zgromadzić – od 102 mm, przez 114 mm, 120 mm, po 140 mm. To uzbrojenie główne uzupełniają stosunkowo liczne działka plot., oraz rufowe zrzutnie bomb głębinowych.
Defender, british escort cruiser laid down 1942 (Engine 1943)
Displacement:
1 847 t light; 1 943 t standard; 2 279 t normal; 2 548 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
337,71 ft / 334,06 ft x 39,50 ft x 12,34 ft (normal load)
102,93 m / 101,82 m x 12,04 m x 3,76 m
Armament:
4 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1913 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, evenly spread
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
8 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (2x4 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1923 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
4 - 0,79" / 20,0 mm guns in single mounts, 0,24lbs / 0,11kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 445 lbs / 202 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 200
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1,46" / 37 mm 130,77 ft / 39,86 m 8,33 ft / 2,54 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 60% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,46" / 37 mm 0,98" / 25 mm -
- Conning tower: 1,46" / 37 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 17 504 shp / 13 058 Kw = 25,50 kts
Range 10 000nm at 13,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 604 tons
Complement:
164 - 214
Cost:
£1,112 million / $4,446 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 56 tons, 2,4%
Armour: 102 tons, 4,5%
- Belts: 74 tons, 3,3%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 22 tons, 1,0%
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Conning Tower: 5 tons, 0,2%
Machinery: 452 tons, 19,8%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1 177 tons, 51,6%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 432 tons, 19,0%
Miscellaneous weights: 60 tons, 2,6%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
3 457 lbs / 1 568 Kg = 32,3 x 6,0 " / 152 mm shells or 1,0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,18
Metacentric height 1,7 ft / 0,5 m
Roll period: 12,7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,39
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,490
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,46 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 18,28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 60 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 9,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,49 ft / 0,15 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 19,95 ft / 6,08 m
- Forecastle (19%): 18,96 ft / 5,78 m
- Mid (36%): 18,44 ft / 5,62 m (10,96 ft / 3,34 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (13%): 11,45 ft / 3,49 m
- Stern: 11,45 ft / 3,49 m
- Average freeboard: 14,06 ft / 4,28 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 87,2%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 132,6%
Waterplane Area: 8 713 Square feet or 809 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 151%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 82 lbs/sq ft or 400 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1,19
- Longitudinal: 2,78
- Overall: 1,29
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
2 depth charge racks
4 depth charge throwers
Defender, british escort cruiser laid down 1942 (Engine 1943)
Displacement:
1 847 t light; 1 943 t standard; 2 279 t normal; 2 548 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
337,71 ft / 334,06 ft x 39,50 ft x 12,34 ft (normal load)
102,93 m / 101,82 m x 12,04 m x 3,76 m
Armament:
4 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1913 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, evenly spread
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
8 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (2x4 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1923 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
4 - 0,79" / 20,0 mm guns in single mounts, 0,24lbs / 0,11kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 445 lbs / 202 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 200
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 1,46" / 37 mm 130,77 ft / 39,86 m 8,33 ft / 2,54 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 60% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 1,46" / 37 mm 0,98" / 25 mm -
- Conning tower: 1,46" / 37 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 17 504 shp / 13 058 Kw = 25,50 kts
Range 10 000nm at 13,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 604 tons
Complement:
164 - 214
Cost:
£1,112 million / $4,446 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 56 tons, 2,4%
Armour: 102 tons, 4,5%
- Belts: 74 tons, 3,3%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 22 tons, 1,0%
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Conning Tower: 5 tons, 0,2%
Machinery: 452 tons, 19,8%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1 177 tons, 51,6%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 432 tons, 19,0%
Miscellaneous weights: 60 tons, 2,6%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
3 457 lbs / 1 568 Kg = 32,3 x 6,0 " / 152 mm shells or 1,0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,18
Metacentric height 1,7 ft / 0,5 m
Roll period: 12,7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,39
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,490
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,46 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 18,28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 60 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 9,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,49 ft / 0,15 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 19,95 ft / 6,08 m
- Forecastle (19%): 18,96 ft / 5,78 m
- Mid (36%): 18,44 ft / 5,62 m (10,96 ft / 3,34 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (13%): 11,45 ft / 3,49 m
- Stern: 11,45 ft / 3,49 m
- Average freeboard: 14,06 ft / 4,28 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 87,2%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 132,6%
Waterplane Area: 8 713 Square feet or 809 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 151%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 82 lbs/sq ft or 400 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1,19
- Longitudinal: 2,78
- Overall: 1,29
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
2 depth charge racks
4 depth charge throwers
niedziela, 1 marca 2020
Monitor dla Ekwadoru
Dziś łyk egzotyki z XIX w. – a konkretnie 2 monitory dla Ekwadoru, przeznaczone do działania na wodach zatoki Guayaquil, tworzącej akwen o dość urozmaiconej linii brzegowej, usiany dodatkowo licznymi wyspami, co tworzy całkiem dogodne warunki do defensywnych działań takich niewielkich okrętów artyleryjskich. Wody zatoki stanowią podejście do największego miasta i portu morskiego w kraju, zatem wzmocnienie obrony w tym rejonie, u schyłku XIX w. nader mizernej, jest jak najbardziej zasadne. Oczywiście, jako kraj mały i biedny, Ekwador nie mógłby pozwolić sobie na jakieś bardziej imponujące jednostki (realnie, największymi jego okrętami w tym czasie były 2 parowo-żaglowe, 877-tonowe awiza Papin i Inconstant z 1886 r.). Za realne uznałem zbudowanie 2 monitorów liczących sobie 2300 ton, i uzbrojonych w 2 działa kal. 254 mm w pojedynczej wieży, z opancerzeniem grubości 240 mm obliczonym na zabezpieczenie witaliów przed ogniem wrogich krążowników, oraz prędkością 12,5 w.
Quito, ecuadorian monitor laid down 1895 (Engine 1897)
Displacement:
2 167 t light; 2 274 t standard; 2 338 t normal; 2 389 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
244,78 ft / 244,78 ft x 45,67 ft x 12,73 ft (normal load)
74,61 m / 74,61 m x 13,92 m x 3,88 m
Armament:
2 - 10,00" / 254 mm guns (1x2 guns), 500,00lbs / 226,80kg shells, 1891 Model
Breech loading guns in a turret (on a barbette)
on centreline forward
1 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1892 Model
Quick firing gun in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline aft
4 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1892 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
1 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1892 Model
Quick firing gun in deck mount
on centreline aft, 1 raised gun
Weight of broadside 1 172 lbs / 531 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9,45" / 240 mm 104,27 ft / 31,78 m 8,76 ft / 2,67 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 66% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9,84" / 250 mm 7,87" / 200 mm 9,84" / 250 mm
2nd: 1,97" / 50 mm 1,57" / 40 mm -
- Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 9,84" / 250 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 1 330 ihp / 992 Kw = 12,50 kts
Range 1 500nm at 8,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 115 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
167 - 218
Cost:
£0,228 million / $0,912 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 146 tons, 6,3%
Armour: 938 tons, 40,1%
- Belts: 436 tons, 18,7%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 182 tons, 7,8%
- Armour Deck: 283 tons, 12,1%
- Conning Tower: 37 tons, 1,6%
Machinery: 208 tons, 8,9%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 874 tons, 37,4%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 171 tons, 7,3%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
2 364 lbs / 1 072 Kg = 4,7 x 10,0 " / 254 mm shells or 1,1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,24
Metacentric height 2,3 ft / 0,7 m
Roll period: 12,7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 37 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,17
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,54
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,575
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,36 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 15,65 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 39 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -7,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 7,51 ft / 2,29 m
- Forecastle (27%): 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Mid (50%): 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Quarterdeck (10%): 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Stern: 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Average freeboard: 4,38 ft / 1,33 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 76,0%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 35,5%
Waterplane Area: 7 780 Square feet or 723 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 92%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 90 lbs/sq ft or 441 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,98
- Longitudinal: 1,26
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability
Quito (1897)
Guayaquil (1898)
Quito, ecuadorian monitor laid down 1895 (Engine 1897)
Displacement:
2 167 t light; 2 274 t standard; 2 338 t normal; 2 389 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
244,78 ft / 244,78 ft x 45,67 ft x 12,73 ft (normal load)
74,61 m / 74,61 m x 13,92 m x 3,88 m
Armament:
2 - 10,00" / 254 mm guns (1x2 guns), 500,00lbs / 226,80kg shells, 1891 Model
Breech loading guns in a turret (on a barbette)
on centreline forward
1 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1892 Model
Quick firing gun in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline aft
4 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1892 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
1 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1892 Model
Quick firing gun in deck mount
on centreline aft, 1 raised gun
Weight of broadside 1 172 lbs / 531 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9,45" / 240 mm 104,27 ft / 31,78 m 8,76 ft / 2,67 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 66% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9,84" / 250 mm 7,87" / 200 mm 9,84" / 250 mm
2nd: 1,97" / 50 mm 1,57" / 40 mm -
- Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 9,84" / 250 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 1 330 ihp / 992 Kw = 12,50 kts
Range 1 500nm at 8,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 115 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
167 - 218
Cost:
£0,228 million / $0,912 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 146 tons, 6,3%
Armour: 938 tons, 40,1%
- Belts: 436 tons, 18,7%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 182 tons, 7,8%
- Armour Deck: 283 tons, 12,1%
- Conning Tower: 37 tons, 1,6%
Machinery: 208 tons, 8,9%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 874 tons, 37,4%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 171 tons, 7,3%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
2 364 lbs / 1 072 Kg = 4,7 x 10,0 " / 254 mm shells or 1,1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,24
Metacentric height 2,3 ft / 0,7 m
Roll period: 12,7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 37 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,17
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,54
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,575
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,36 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 15,65 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 39 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -7,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 7,51 ft / 2,29 m
- Forecastle (27%): 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Mid (50%): 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Quarterdeck (10%): 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Stern: 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Average freeboard: 4,38 ft / 1,33 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 76,0%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 35,5%
Waterplane Area: 7 780 Square feet or 723 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 92%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 90 lbs/sq ft or 441 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,98
- Longitudinal: 1,26
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability
Quito (1897)
Guayaquil (1898)
Subskrybuj:
Posty (Atom)