Jak już zapewne wszyscy czytelnicy bloga się zorientowali, nastąpiła pewna przerwa w jego działalności. Jest ona spowodowana przyczynami natury ode mnie niezależnej i mam nadzieję, że nie potrwa długo. Na chwilę obecną przewiduję, że blog powróci do życia w przyszłym miesiącu (raczej bliżej jego początku, niż końca).
Wszystkich czytelników serdecznie pozdrawiam i proszę o odrobinę cierpliwości :)
środa, 20 stycznia 2016
środa, 13 stycznia 2016
Kanonierki patrolowe
Dzisiejsze jednostki to wyspecjalizowane okręty przeznaczone
do walki z plagą piractwa, przemytu i wszelkiej innej przestępczości na morzu.
Przeznaczone są do służby na wodach chińskich gdzie jak wiadomo, przynajmniej
przez pierwsze 20-lecie XX w. zjawiska te były poważnym problemem. Ponieważ jednostki
są przeznaczone do wypełniania zadań o charakterze raczej policyjnym niż
stricte wojskowym, ich uzbrojenie jest dość lekkie – składają się na nie 4 szybkostrzelne
działa kal. 75 mm, uzupełnione przez 2
działka 37 mm. Ponadto okręty posiadają kwatery dla plutonu piechoty
morskiej. Unikalną ich cechą jest ponadto
posiadanie na pokładzie po 2 kutrów/szalup patrolowych z napędem spalinowym,
z których każda uzbrojona jest w jedno działko Maxima kal. 37 mm. Są one przeznaczone do zapuszczania się na
płytkie i często trudne nawigacyjnie wody przybrzeżne, gdzie mogą dużo łatwiej
wytropić i zlikwidować morskich przestępców niż okręty pełnomorskie.
Rysunki okrętrów jak i ogólny ich pomysł zaczerpnąłem od użytkownika Garlicdesign z forum shipbucket.com. Spodobały mi się na tyle, że postanowiłem takie jednostki wcielić do swojej floty :)
Partenope, polish patrol gunboat laid down 1912
Displacement:
599 t light; 618 t standard; 740 t normal; 837 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
232,64 ft / 232,15 ft x 30,12 ft x 8,40 ft (normal load)
70,91 m / 70,76 m x 9,18 m x 2,56 m
Armament:
4 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread
2 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,55lbs / 0,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 1 raised mount
Weight of broadside 55 lbs / 25 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 0,98" / 25 mm 67,72 ft / 20,64 m 5,74 ft / 1,75 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 45% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Armour deck: 0,71" / 18 mm, Conning tower: 1,57" / 40 mm
Machinery:
Coal and oil fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 3 246 ihp / 2 422 Kw = 19,30 kts
Range 4 900nm at 11,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 219 tons (50% coal)
Complement:
70 - 92
Cost:
£0,055 million / $0,221 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 7 tons, 0,9%
Armour: 81 tons, 10,9%
- Belts: 20 tons, 2,7%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armour Deck: 58 tons, 7,8%
- Conning Tower: 3 tons, 0,4%
Machinery: 205 tons, 27,7%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 266 tons, 36,0%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 141 tons, 19,1%
Miscellaneous weights: 40 tons, 5,4%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
1 030 lbs / 467 Kg = 80,0 x 3,0 " / 75 mm shells or 0,5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,39
Metacentric height 1,5 ft / 0,4 m
Roll period: 10,4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,05
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,42
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle
Block coefficient: 0,441
Length to Beam Ratio: 7,71 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 15,24 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,49 ft / 0,15 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 15,45 ft / 4,71 m
- Forecastle (16%): 16,47 ft / 5,02 m (11,98 ft / 3,65 m aft of break)
- Mid (50%): 7,97 ft / 2,43 m
- Quarterdeck (4%): 7,97 ft / 2,43 m
- Stern: 7,97 ft / 2,43 m
- Average freeboard: 9,94 ft / 3,03 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 103,1%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 106,4%
Waterplane Area: 4 428 Square feet or 411 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 127%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 39 lbs/sq ft or 189 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,94
- Longitudinal: 1,91
- Overall: 1,01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Partenope (1912)
Echo (1912)
Kalipso (1913)
Displacement:
599 t light; 618 t standard; 740 t normal; 837 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
232,64 ft / 232,15 ft x 30,12 ft x 8,40 ft (normal load)
70,91 m / 70,76 m x 9,18 m x 2,56 m
Armament:
4 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns in single mounts, 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread
2 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,55lbs / 0,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 1 raised mount
Weight of broadside 55 lbs / 25 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 0,98" / 25 mm 67,72 ft / 20,64 m 5,74 ft / 1,75 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 45% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Armour deck: 0,71" / 18 mm, Conning tower: 1,57" / 40 mm
Machinery:
Coal and oil fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 3 246 ihp / 2 422 Kw = 19,30 kts
Range 4 900nm at 11,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 219 tons (50% coal)
Complement:
70 - 92
Cost:
£0,055 million / $0,221 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 7 tons, 0,9%
Armour: 81 tons, 10,9%
- Belts: 20 tons, 2,7%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armour Deck: 58 tons, 7,8%
- Conning Tower: 3 tons, 0,4%
Machinery: 205 tons, 27,7%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 266 tons, 36,0%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 141 tons, 19,1%
Miscellaneous weights: 40 tons, 5,4%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
1 030 lbs / 467 Kg = 80,0 x 3,0 " / 75 mm shells or 0,5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,39
Metacentric height 1,5 ft / 0,4 m
Roll period: 10,4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,05
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,42
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle
Block coefficient: 0,441
Length to Beam Ratio: 7,71 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 15,24 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,49 ft / 0,15 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 15,45 ft / 4,71 m
- Forecastle (16%): 16,47 ft / 5,02 m (11,98 ft / 3,65 m aft of break)
- Mid (50%): 7,97 ft / 2,43 m
- Quarterdeck (4%): 7,97 ft / 2,43 m
- Stern: 7,97 ft / 2,43 m
- Average freeboard: 9,94 ft / 3,03 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 103,1%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 106,4%
Waterplane Area: 4 428 Square feet or 411 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 127%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 39 lbs/sq ft or 189 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,94
- Longitudinal: 1,91
- Overall: 1,01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Partenope (1912)
Echo (1912)
Kalipso (1913)
KP-1, polish patrol boat laid down 1912
Displacement:
18 t light; 18 t standard; 19 t normal; 20 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
56,73 ft / 55,25 ft x 10,01 ft x 2,99 ft (normal load)
17,29 m / 16,84 m x 3,05 m x 0,91 m
Armament:
1 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,55lbs / 0,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Quick firing gun in deck mount
on centreline forward, 1 raised gun
Weight of broadside 2 lbs / 1 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 400
Machinery:
Petrol Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 607 shp / 453 Kw = 18,20 kts
Range 290nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 tons
Complement:
3 - 5
Cost:
£0,002 million / $0,009 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 1,0%
Machinery: 10 tons, 54,4%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 7 tons, 36,8%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 tons, 7,8%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
7 lbs / 3 Kg = 4,7 x 1,5 " / 37 mm shells or 0,0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,65
Metacentric height 0,4 ft / 0,1 m
Roll period: 7,0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 7 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,02
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,02
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,403
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,52 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 7,43 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 83 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 7,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,98 ft / 0,30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Forecastle (20%): 2,99 ft / 0,91 m
- Mid (50%): 2,00 ft / 0,61 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 1,51 ft / 0,46 m
- Stern: 2,00 ft / 0,61 m
- Average freeboard: 2,30 ft / 0,70 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 184,6%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 42,9%
Waterplane Area: 322 Square feet or 30 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 38%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 15 lbs/sq ft or 71 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,89
- Longitudinal: 2,81
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
Ship has quick, lively roll, not a steady gun platform
Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability
KP-1 (1912)
KP-2 (1912)
KP-3 (1912)
KP-4 (1912)
KP-5 (1913)
KP-6 (1913)
Displacement:
18 t light; 18 t standard; 19 t normal; 20 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
56,73 ft / 55,25 ft x 10,01 ft x 2,99 ft (normal load)
17,29 m / 16,84 m x 3,05 m x 0,91 m
Armament:
1 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,55lbs / 0,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Quick firing gun in deck mount
on centreline forward, 1 raised gun
Weight of broadside 2 lbs / 1 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 400
Machinery:
Petrol Internal combustion motors,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 607 shp / 453 Kw = 18,20 kts
Range 290nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 tons
Complement:
3 - 5
Cost:
£0,002 million / $0,009 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 0 tons, 1,0%
Machinery: 10 tons, 54,4%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 7 tons, 36,8%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 tons, 7,8%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
7 lbs / 3 Kg = 4,7 x 1,5 " / 37 mm shells or 0,0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,65
Metacentric height 0,4 ft / 0,1 m
Roll period: 7,0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 7 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,02
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,02
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,403
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,52 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 7,43 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 83 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 7,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,98 ft / 0,30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 4,00 ft / 1,22 m
- Forecastle (20%): 2,99 ft / 0,91 m
- Mid (50%): 2,00 ft / 0,61 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 1,51 ft / 0,46 m
- Stern: 2,00 ft / 0,61 m
- Average freeboard: 2,30 ft / 0,70 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 184,6%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 42,9%
Waterplane Area: 322 Square feet or 30 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 38%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 15 lbs/sq ft or 71 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,89
- Longitudinal: 2,81
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
Ship has quick, lively roll, not a steady gun platform
Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability
KP-1 (1912)
KP-2 (1912)
KP-3 (1912)
KP-4 (1912)
KP-5 (1913)
KP-6 (1913)
sobota, 9 stycznia 2016
Przebudowa torpedowców na trałowce
Jak już pisałem w komentarzu do poprzedniego posta, przemyślałem
sprawę i uznałem, że faktycznie warto na torpedowcach przebudowanych na
trałowce zdemontować wyrzutnie torped, a także zamontować km-y do
rozstrzeliwania min (no i oczywiście trały). Dodatkowo, postanowiłem działka 47
mm wymienić na nowsze Hotchkissy 57 mm model 1904, jako że okręty te mają w
razie konieczności pełnić też funkcję dozorowców. Te nowe 6-funtówki to zawsze jakiś
konkretniejszy kaliber niż dotychczasowe 3-funtówki. Przymierzałem się też do
dział 75 mm, ale niestety – są za ciężkie. Te torpedowce to jednak delikatne i
kruche jednostki i wg springsharpa nie uniosą takich dział.
Poniżej „hurtem”
przedstawiam wszystkie torpedowce po przebudowie na trałowce, wraz z sylwetkami
oraz raportami springsharpa. Oczywiście w mocy pozostają wszystkie wcześniej
podawane informacje o wymianie kotłów na tych jednostkach. Maszyny parowe
pozostały wprawdzie stare, ale zostały poddane remontom celem wydłużenia ich
żywotności.
Tołpyga, polish minesweeper laid down 1885, rebuilt 1911
Displacement:
132 t light; 136 t standard; 148 t normal; 158 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
144,19 ft / 144,19 ft x 16,27 ft x 4,66 ft (normal load)
43,95 m / 43,95 m x 4,96 m x 1,42 m
Armament:
1 - 2,24" / 57,0 mm guns in single mounts, 5,65lbs / 2,56kg shells, 1904 Model
Quick firing gun in deck mount
on centreline forward
1 - 0,30" / 7,6 mm guns in single mounts, 0,01lbs / 0,00kg shells, 1908 Model
Machine gun in deck mount
on centreline aft
Weight of broadside 6 lbs / 3 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 2 831 ihp / 2 112 Kw = 22,20 kts
Range 480nm at 12,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 22 tons (100% coal)
Caution: Delicate, lightweight machinery
Complement:
20 - 27
Cost:
£0,018 million / $0,073 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 tons, 0,5%
Machinery: 94 tons, 63,3%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 37 tons, 25,2%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 16 tons, 11,0%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
30 lbs / 13 Kg = 5,7 x 2,2 " / 57 mm shells or 0,1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,85
Metacentric height 0,9 ft / 0,3 m
Roll period: 7,3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 31 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,02
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,38
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,474
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,86 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 12,01 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 71 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -18,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 7,51 ft / 2,29 m
- Forecastle (20%): 6,50 ft / 1,98 m
- Mid (50%): 6,00 ft / 1,83 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 5,48 ft / 1,67 m
- Stern: 5,48 ft / 1,67 m
- Average freeboard: 6,09 ft / 1,86 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 208,0%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 83,2%
Waterplane Area: 1 461 Square feet or 136 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 13%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 15 lbs/sq ft or 72 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,47
- Longitudinal: 1,15
- Overall: 0,52
Caution: Hull subject to strain in open-sea
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is extremely poor
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability
Tołpyga (1885, rebuilt 1911)
Kalmar (1885, rebuilt 1911)
Foka (1886, rebuilt 1911)
Uchatka (1886, rebuilt 1911)
Morświn (1886, rebuilt 1911)
Displacement:
132 t light; 136 t standard; 148 t normal; 158 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
144,19 ft / 144,19 ft x 16,27 ft x 4,66 ft (normal load)
43,95 m / 43,95 m x 4,96 m x 1,42 m
Armament:
1 - 2,24" / 57,0 mm guns in single mounts, 5,65lbs / 2,56kg shells, 1904 Model
Quick firing gun in deck mount
on centreline forward
1 - 0,30" / 7,6 mm guns in single mounts, 0,01lbs / 0,00kg shells, 1908 Model
Machine gun in deck mount
on centreline aft
Weight of broadside 6 lbs / 3 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 2 831 ihp / 2 112 Kw = 22,20 kts
Range 480nm at 12,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 22 tons (100% coal)
Caution: Delicate, lightweight machinery
Complement:
20 - 27
Cost:
£0,018 million / $0,073 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 tons, 0,5%
Machinery: 94 tons, 63,3%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 37 tons, 25,2%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 16 tons, 11,0%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
30 lbs / 13 Kg = 5,7 x 2,2 " / 57 mm shells or 0,1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,85
Metacentric height 0,9 ft / 0,3 m
Roll period: 7,3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 31 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,02
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,38
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,474
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,86 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 12,01 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 71 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -18,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 7,51 ft / 2,29 m
- Forecastle (20%): 6,50 ft / 1,98 m
- Mid (50%): 6,00 ft / 1,83 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 5,48 ft / 1,67 m
- Stern: 5,48 ft / 1,67 m
- Average freeboard: 6,09 ft / 1,86 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 208,0%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 83,2%
Waterplane Area: 1 461 Square feet or 136 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 13%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 15 lbs/sq ft or 72 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,47
- Longitudinal: 1,15
- Overall: 0,52
Caution: Hull subject to strain in open-sea
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is extremely poor
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability
Tołpyga (1885, rebuilt 1911)
Kalmar (1885, rebuilt 1911)
Foka (1886, rebuilt 1911)
Uchatka (1886, rebuilt 1911)
Morświn (1886, rebuilt 1911)
Orzeł, polish minesweeper laid down 1886, rebuilt 1912
Displacement:
192 t light; 198 t standard; 215 t normal; 229 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
158,56 ft / 158,56 ft x 17,95 ft x 5,84 ft (normal load)
48,33 m / 48,33 m x 5,47 m x 1,78 m
Armament:
2 - 2,24" / 57,0 mm guns in single mounts, 5,65lbs / 2,56kg shells, 1904 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread
1 - 0,30" / 7,6 mm guns in single mounts, 0,01lbs / 0,00kg shells, 1908 Model
Machine gun in deck mount
on centreline amidships
Weight of broadside 11 lbs / 5 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 4 904 ihp / 3 658 Kw = 24,30 kts
Range 900nm at 10,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 32 tons (100% coal)
Caution: Delicate, lightweight machinery
Complement:
27 - 36
Cost:
£0,027 million / $0,109 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 tons, 0,7%
Machinery: 139 tons, 64,5%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 51 tons, 23,9%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 23 tons, 10,9%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
39 lbs / 18 Kg = 7,3 x 2,2 " / 57 mm shells or 0,1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,92
Metacentric height 1,1 ft / 0,3 m
Roll period: 7,3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 23 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,03
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,22
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,453
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,84 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 12,59 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 72 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -8,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 6,99 ft / 2,13 m
- Forecastle (20%): 6,50 ft / 1,98 m
- Mid (50%): 6,00 ft / 1,83 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 5,48 ft / 1,67 m
- Stern: 5,48 ft / 1,67 m
- Average freeboard: 6,04 ft / 1,84 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 213,4%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 73,1%
Waterplane Area: 1 735 Square feet or 161 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 11%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 18 lbs/sq ft or 86 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,50
- Longitudinal: 0,99
- Overall: 0,53
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is extremely poor
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Ship has quick, lively roll, not a steady gun platform
Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability
Orzeł (1886, rebuilt 1912)
Kobuz (1887, rebuilt 1912)
Sokół (1887, rebuilt 1912)
Zawzięty, polish minesweeper laid down 1889, rebuilt 1912
Displacement:
172 t light; 177 t standard; 188 t normal; 197 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
153,58 ft / 153,58 ft x 16,83 ft x 5,31 ft (normal load)
46,81 m / 46,81 m x 5,13 m x 1,62 m
Armament:
2 - 2,24" / 57,0 mm guns in single mounts, 5,65lbs / 2,56kg shells, 1904 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread
1 - 0,30" / 7,6 mm guns in single mounts, 0,01lbs / 0,00kg shells, 1908 Model
Machine gun in deck mount
on centreline forward, 1 raised gun
Weight of broadside 11 lbs / 5 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 5 123 ihp / 3 821 Kw = 25,00 kts
Range 400nm at 12,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 19 tons (100% coal)
Caution: Delicate, lightweight machinery
Complement:
25 - 33
Cost:
£0,025 million / $0,098 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 tons, 0,8%
Machinery: 124 tons, 65,7%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 47 tons, 25,0%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 16 tons, 8,6%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
35 lbs / 16 Kg = 6,2 x 2,2 " / 57 mm shells or 0,1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,78
Metacentric height 0,9 ft / 0,3 m
Roll period: 7,5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 26 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,04
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,28
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,479
Length to Beam Ratio: 9,12 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 12,39 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 75 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -23,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 8,01 ft / 2,44 m
- Forecastle (20%): 7,51 ft / 2,29 m
- Mid (50%): 6,50 ft / 1,98 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 6,00 ft / 1,83 m
- Stern: 6,00 ft / 1,83 m
- Average freeboard: 6,73 ft / 2,05 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 217,9%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 81,4%
Waterplane Area: 1 618 Square feet or 150 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 10%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 16 lbs/sq ft or 76 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,45
- Longitudinal: 1,44
- Overall: 0,51
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is extremely poor
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Ship has quick, lively roll, not a steady gun platform
Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability
Zawzięty (1889, rebuilt 1912)
Nieuchwytny (1889, rebuilt 1912)
Odważny (1889, rebuilt 1913)
Śmiały (1889, rebuilt 1913)
Nieugięty (1890, rebuilt 1913)
Wytrwały (1890, rebuilt 1913)
Groźny (1890, rebuilt 1913)
Szybki (1890, rebuilt 1913)
środa, 6 stycznia 2016
Podsumowanie 1913 r.
Czas na podsumowanie 1913 r. w naszej flocie.
Jednym z ważniejszych wydarzeń tego roku jest zakończenie
budowy bazy sterowców w Kuldydze. W skład kompleksu wchodzą 3 hangary dla
sterowców, koszary, stacja kolejowa, stacja łączności radiowej stacja meteorologiczna,
warsztaty naprawcze oraz wytwórnia wodoru.
Lotnictwo morskie zostało wzmocnione zakupem 8 łodzi
latających Donnet-Leveque Type A. Tym samym liczy ono sobie już 18 maszyn. Na
razie wszystkie one bazują w bazie w Lipawie, ale pojawiają się pomysły, by
eksperymentalnie zainstalować jedną z maszyn na którymś z okrętów.
Kontynuowana jest rozbudowa baz i fortyfikacji. W ramach
przygotowywania nowej głównej bazy floty z Windawie, bateria Krzysztof
Arciszewski została rozbudowana do rangi fortu. Obok 4 dotychczasowych dział
kal. 254 L/45, nowy fort został wyposażony w 3 nowoczesne armaty Vickersa kal.
203 mm L/50. Opracowane w 1905 r., miały prędkość wylotową 793 m/s przy wadze
pocisku 139,2 kg (przy starszym pocisku burzącym o wadze 112,2 kg miały
prędkość wylotową 808 m/s). Ich szybkostrzelność wynosiła 4 strz./min., a
zasięg aż 24,7 km przy kącie podniesienia 41 stopni.
Ponadto w Windawie zorganizowano nowa baterię
przeciwdesantową „Cedynia”, wyposażoną w 4 działa kal. 120 mm L/45, uzupełnione
2 starymi działami kal. 152 mm L/35 model 1882, pochodzącymi z pancernika
Kazimierz I Odnowiciel. Strzelały one 56-kg pociskami z prędkością wylotową 578
m/s i szybkostrzelnością rzędu 1 strz./min. Ich zasięg sięgał 10 km.
Kontynuowana była także budowa twierdzy wokół Połągi, w
ciągu roku powstały dwa nowe forty chroniące bazę i miasto od strony lądu.
Nie zaniedbano także modernizacji okrętów. Nowe kotły
otrzymał pancernik Mieszko I, a także 6 dotychczas nie zmodernizowanych
torpedowców typu Zawzięty (Odważny, Śmiały, Nieugięty, Wytrwały, Groźny i
Szybki z lat 1889-1890).
Niestety, nie uniknięto też nieszczęśliwych wypadków. W
trakcie lotu nad morzem, w trakcie burzy uszkodzony został sterowiec Feniks, w
wyniku czego doszło do wycieku gazu i utraty wysokości. Szczęśliwie załodze
udało się wodować w bezpośredniej bliskości lądu, dzięki czemu nie doszło do
strat w ludziach.
W pożarze w trakcie postoju w porcie rzecznym we Włocławku
ciężko uszkodzony został kuter uzbrojony Łowik. Późniejsze dochodzenie jako
najprawdopodobniejszą przyczynę wskazało sabotaż. Uszkodzenia jednostki okazały się na tyle poważne, że remont uznano za nieopłacalny i okręt spisano ze stanu.
Na koniec należy odnotować awans Szefa Sztabu Marynarki
Wojennej. Pełniący te funkcję wiceadm. Stefan Wojewódzki otrzymał stopień
„pełnego” admirała.
piątek, 1 stycznia 2016
Wielki krążownik
Na nowy rok poddaję Waszej ocenie wielki krążownik. Tyle się już na jego temat nadyskutowaliśmy , że sam nie bardzo wiem co by tu nowego napisać? Może to, że nie udało się zmieścić w
zamierzonym limicie 12000 ton. Przekroczenie wynosi circa 800 ton, ale że to jeszcze nie epoka
traktatów limitujących wielkość okrętów, to nie rozdzieram nad tym szat.
Zgodnie z wolą większości, okręt posiada 6-calówki w stanowiskach pokładowych z
maskami pancernymi. Długo rozmyślałem nad rozmieszczeniem artylerii głównej.
Teoretycznie, narzucało się rozmieszczenie wszystkich dział na dziobie - w
końcu okręt ma m.in. zwalczać wrogie krążowniki, z założenia dużo słabsze, więc
często będzie działał w pościgu. Ale z drugiej strony, jego funkcja
rozpoznawcza powoduje, ze zawsze może się natknąć na przeważające siły
wroga i wtedy trzeba się będzie salwować
ucieczką. A w takiej sytuacji zawsze dobrze jest się móc czym odgryzać, choćby
symbolicznie. Stąd zdecydowałem się na rozmieszczenie po jednej wieży na
dziobie i na rufie, co jest też estetyczniejsze. Zwracam przy tym uwagę na lokalizację wieży rufowej – dzięki jej
odsunięciu od nadbudówki i mocno zwężającemu się ku rufie kształtowi tejże
nadbudówki, uzyskano całkiem szerokie kąty ostrzału dział rufowych w sektorach
dziobowych.
Z innych detali, sądzę że z przychylnym przyjęciem spotka
się dość nowoczesny kształt dziobu (powoli
i ewolucyjnie zmierzamy ku stewie wychylonej do przodu;))
Podsumowując, nawet jeśli sama koncepcja okrętu i jej
realizacja nie spotkają się z uznaniem, to mam nadzieję, że przynajmniej udało
się stworzyć piękny okręt, o rasowej, dynamicznej sylwetce;) Aż się boję, czy trochę
z tym nie przesadziłem…
Władysław Łokietek, polish large cruiser laid down 1913 (Engine 1914)
Displacement:
11 722 t light; 12 155 t standard; 12 842 t normal; 13 392 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
630,35 ft / 628,35 ft x 74,25 ft x 19,95 ft (normal load)
192,13 m / 191,52 m x 22,63 m x 6,08 m
Armament:
4 - 10,79" / 274 mm guns (2x2 guns), 627,65lbs / 284,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
8 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
4 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,55lbs / 0,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 3 374 lbs / 1 530 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 3,94" / 100 mm 296,26 ft / 90,30 m 14,93 ft / 4,55 m
Ends: 2,01" / 51 mm 111,88 ft / 34,10 m 9,45 ft / 2,88 m
220,21 ft / 67,12 m Unarmoured ends
Main Belt covers 73% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1,18" / 30 mm 318,60 ft / 97,11 m 16,57 ft / 5,05 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9,02" / 229 mm 4,72" / 120 mm 8,50" / 216 mm
2nd: 2,01" / 51 mm 1,46" / 37 mm -
3rd: 0,98" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1,38" / 35 mm, Conning tower: 7,99" / 203 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 86 193 shp / 64 300 Kw = 31,00 kts
Range 4 300nm at 13,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 237 tons
Complement:
603 - 784
Cost:
£1,341 million / $5,365 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 422 tons, 3,3%
Armour: 2 538 tons, 19,8%
- Belts: 861 tons, 6,7%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 231 tons, 1,8%
- Armament: 572 tons, 4,5%
- Armour Deck: 780 tons, 6,1%
- Conning Tower: 94 tons, 0,7%
Machinery: 3 320 tons, 25,9%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5 442 tons, 42,4%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 120 tons, 8,7%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
13 720 lbs / 6 223 Kg = 21,9 x 10,8 " / 274 mm shells or 2,1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,34
Metacentric height 5,4 ft / 1,6 m
Roll period: 13,5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 47 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,28
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,89
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,483
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,46 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 25,07 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2,00 ft / 0,61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24,44 ft / 7,45 m
- Forecastle (28%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Mid (64%): 18,96 ft / 5,78 m (11,98 ft / 3,65 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (21%): 12,96 ft / 3,95 m
- Stern: 14,47 ft / 4,41 m
- Average freeboard: 17,70 ft / 5,39 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 148,4%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 167,3%
Waterplane Area: 30 611 Square feet or 2 844 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 126 lbs/sq ft or 616 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,99
- Longitudinal: 1,04
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather
Displacement:
11 722 t light; 12 155 t standard; 12 842 t normal; 13 392 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
630,35 ft / 628,35 ft x 74,25 ft x 19,95 ft (normal load)
192,13 m / 191,52 m x 22,63 m x 6,08 m
Armament:
4 - 10,79" / 274 mm guns (2x2 guns), 627,65lbs / 284,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
8 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1891 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
4 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,55lbs / 0,70kg shells, 1908 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 3 374 lbs / 1 530 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 3,94" / 100 mm 296,26 ft / 90,30 m 14,93 ft / 4,55 m
Ends: 2,01" / 51 mm 111,88 ft / 34,10 m 9,45 ft / 2,88 m
220,21 ft / 67,12 m Unarmoured ends
Main Belt covers 73% of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1,18" / 30 mm 318,60 ft / 97,11 m 16,57 ft / 5,05 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9,02" / 229 mm 4,72" / 120 mm 8,50" / 216 mm
2nd: 2,01" / 51 mm 1,46" / 37 mm -
3rd: 0,98" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1,38" / 35 mm, Conning tower: 7,99" / 203 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 86 193 shp / 64 300 Kw = 31,00 kts
Range 4 300nm at 13,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 237 tons
Complement:
603 - 784
Cost:
£1,341 million / $5,365 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 422 tons, 3,3%
Armour: 2 538 tons, 19,8%
- Belts: 861 tons, 6,7%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 231 tons, 1,8%
- Armament: 572 tons, 4,5%
- Armour Deck: 780 tons, 6,1%
- Conning Tower: 94 tons, 0,7%
Machinery: 3 320 tons, 25,9%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5 442 tons, 42,4%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 120 tons, 8,7%
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
13 720 lbs / 6 223 Kg = 21,9 x 10,8 " / 274 mm shells or 2,1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,34
Metacentric height 5,4 ft / 1,6 m
Roll period: 13,5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 47 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,28
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0,89
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,483
Length to Beam Ratio: 8,46 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 25,07 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2,00 ft / 0,61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24,44 ft / 7,45 m
- Forecastle (28%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Mid (64%): 18,96 ft / 5,78 m (11,98 ft / 3,65 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (21%): 12,96 ft / 3,95 m
- Stern: 14,47 ft / 4,41 m
- Average freeboard: 17,70 ft / 5,39 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 148,4%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 167,3%
Waterplane Area: 30 611 Square feet or 2 844 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 126 lbs/sq ft or 616 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,99
- Longitudinal: 1,04
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather
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