Pancernik wieżowy Suworow (1880)

Po wybudowaniu pancernika Pietr Wielikij (wod. 1872, w sł. 1876, 10406t, 4x305, 14 w.) Rosjanie na ponad dekadę zaprzestali budowy pełnomorskich pancerników. Kolejnym typem okrętu tej klasy były dopiero pancerniki typu Jekatierina II, z których pierwsze dwa zwodowano dopiero w 1886 r., a do służby weszły dopiero w 1889 r.! Dzisiejszy okręt stanowi propozycję zapełnienia tej „luki pokoleniowej”. Jest to jednostka w modnej w latach 70-tych i 80-tych XIX w. konfiguracji (m.in. Duilio, Inflexible) – z artylerią ciężką zgrupowaną w dwóch wieżach rozmieszczonych diagonalnie na śródokręciu, co ma zapewnić przynajmniej teoretyczną możliwość prowadzenia ognia z czterech dział w każdym z czterech kierunków. Dzięki takim jednostkom flota rosyjska zdobyła by niepodważalny prymat na obydwu z akwenów będących wówczas w orbicie jej zainteresowania, tj. na Bałtyku i Morzu Czarnym. Natomiast nieco żartobliwie można, przez analogię do niemieckich pancerników typu Sachsen domniemywać, że okręt ten zdobyłby sobie miano „carskiej fabryki cementu”  :)  

Suworow, russian battleship laid down 1878 (Engine 1880)
Central citadel ship

Displacement:
    10 762 t light; 11 222 t standard; 12 054 t normal; 12 721 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    338,55 ft / 336,55 ft x 74,67 ft x 26,51 ft (normal load)
    103,19 m / 102,58 m x 22,76 m  x 8,08 m

Armament:
      4 - 15,00" / 381 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1 383,75lbs / 627,66kg shells, 1878 Model
      Breech loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turrets
      on side, all amidships
      2 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 87,86lbs / 39,85kg shells, 1878 Model
      Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      6 - 1,85" / 47,0 mm guns in single mounts, 2,60lbs / 1,18kg shells, 1878 Model
      Breech loading guns in deck mounts
      on centreline, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
      7 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,27lbs / 0,58kg shells, 1878 Model
      Breech loading guns in deck mounts
      on centreline, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
      8 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,27lbs / 0,58kg shells, 1878 Model
      Breech loading guns in deck mounts
      on side ends, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts - superfiring
    Weight of broadside 5 745 lbs / 2 606 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 68
    6 - 15,0" / 381 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    16,0" / 406 mm    156,00 ft / 47,55 m    8,73 ft / 2,66 m
    Ends:    Unarmoured
    Upper:    14,0" / 356 mm      80,09 ft / 24,41 m    8,46 ft / 2,58 m
      Main Belt covers 71% of normal length
      Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    13,0" / 330 mm    11,0" / 279 mm              -
    2nd:    2,95" / 75 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 1,57" / 40 mm, Conning tower: 10,00" / 254 mm

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
    Direct drive, 2 shafts, 6 002 ihp / 4 477 Kw = 14,20 kts
    Range 4 100nm at 9,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 1 499 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
    574 - 747

Cost:
    £1,154 million / $4,614 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 718 tons, 6,0%
    Armour: 3 935 tons, 32,6%
       - Belts: 1 765 tons, 14,6%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
       - Armament: 1 505 tons, 12,5%
       - Armour Deck: 552 tons, 4,6%
       - Conning Tower: 113 tons, 0,9%
    Machinery: 1 240 tons, 10,3%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 4 868 tons, 40,4%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 293 tons, 10,7%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      9 510 lbs / 4 314 Kg = 6,9 x 15,0 " / 381 mm shells or 1,6 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,03
    Metacentric height 3,4 ft / 1,0 m
    Roll period: 17,0 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 79 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,59
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,57

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,633
    Length to Beam Ratio: 4,51 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 18,35 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 2,00 ft / 0,61 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        12,96 ft / 3,95 m
       - Forecastle (15%):    12,96 ft / 3,95 m
       - Mid (50%):        12,96 ft / 3,95 m
       - Quarterdeck (10%):    12,96 ft / 3,95 m
       - Stern:        12,96 ft / 3,95 m
       - Average freeboard:    12,96 ft / 3,95 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 83,4%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 81,5%
    Waterplane Area: 18 958 Square feet or 1 761 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 99%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 186 lbs/sq ft or 906 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,89
        - Longitudinal: 2,96
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
    Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
    Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather