W latach 70-tych i 80-tych XIX w. Francuzi usilnie próbowali
dogonić Royal Navy w wyścigu zbrojeń który sami rozpętali (budową pierwszego
prawdziwego pancernika – Gloire). Jednakże, na skutek ogromnej przewagi w
potencjale przemysłu stoczniowego i zbrojeniowego rywala zza kanału niebyt im
się to udawało. Imali się więc różnych, czasem dość niekonwencjonalnych
sposobów uzyskania przewagi na morzu.
Jedną w nich była budowa krążowników pancernych, mogących służyć do działań
korsarskich na wrogich liniach komunikacyjnych.
W owym czasie klasa ta nie była jeszcze w pełni ukształtowana, zaliczano
do niej często małe bądź słabe pancerniki o niewystarczającym uzbrojeniu czy
opancerzeniu, by mogły walczyć w bitwach sił głównych, jak np. francuskie typy
Alma, La Galissonniere,
Bayard czy brytyjski Shannon (a zdarzyło się nawet, że słynnego Warriora od
1880 r. tak klasyfikowano!) . Do wspomnianych wyżej zadań te jednostki się
jednak nie za bardzo się nadawały, czy to przez zbyt małe wymiary, prędkość czy
ograniczony zasięg (ta ostatnia wada w pewnym stopniu mogła być zniwelowana
przez posiadanie ożaglowania, jednak małe wymiary oznaczały też małe zapasy, a
co za tym idzie – niską autonomiczność). Prawdziwe krążowniki pancerne zdolne
do długotrwałych samodzielnych działań korsarskich na oceanach pojawiły się w
zasadzie dopiero w latach 90-tych XIX w. i były to jednostki już stricte do
tych zadań projektowane, a za ich pierwowzór uważa się słynny okręt Dupuy de
Lome z 1890 r., który – choć rozpoczęty już w 1888 r., do służby wszedł dopiero
w 1895 r. Ja zaś proponuję krążownik pancerny dedykowany do oceanicznych
działań korsarskich, zbudowany w latach 70-tych XIX w.:
Bellefonds, french armoured cruiser laid down 1872 (Engine 1874)
Displacement:
4 517 t light; 4 678 t standard; 5 279 t normal; 5 759 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
252,59 ft / 252,10 ft x 49,93 ft x 24,18 ft (normal load)
76,99 m / 76,84 m x 15,22 m x 7,37 m
Armament:
6 - 7,64" / 194 mm guns in single mounts, 162,63lbs / 73,77kg shells, 1872 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
2 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
2 - 5,43" / 138 mm guns in single mounts, 58,54lbs / 26,55kg shells, 1872 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all forward
6 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,13lbs / 0,51kg shells, 1872 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 1 100 lbs / 499 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 6,85" / 174 mm 181,50 ft / 55,32 m 10,79 ft / 3,29 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 111% of normal length
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 7,87" / 200 mm - -
2nd: 4,92" / 125 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 8,19" / 208 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 4 417 ihp / 3 295 Kw = 14,50 kts
Range 5 300nm at 8,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 081 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
588
Cost:
£0,414 million / $1,655 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 137 tons, 2,6%
Armour: 1 223 tons, 23,2%
- Belts: 587 tons, 11,1%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 252 tons, 4,8%
- Armour Deck: 331 tons, 6,3%
- Conning Tower: 53 tons, 1,0%
Machinery: 1 002 tons, 19,0%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1 702 tons, 32,3%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 762 tons, 14,4%
Miscellaneous weights: 452 tons, 8,6%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
4 356 lbs / 1 976 Kg = 26,8 x 7,6 " / 194 mm shells or 0,8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,10
Metacentric height 2,1 ft / 0,6 m
Roll period: 14,4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 100 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,39
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2,00
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,607
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,05 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 15,88 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -17,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,49 ft / 0,15 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20,44 ft / 6,23 m
- Forecastle (20%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Mid (50%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Stern: 19,95 ft / 6,08 m
- Average freeboard: 19,57 ft / 5,97 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90,7%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 108,8%
Waterplane Area: 9 075 Square feet or 843 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 99 lbs/sq ft or 481 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,81
- Longitudinal: 6,59
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Displacement:
4 517 t light; 4 678 t standard; 5 279 t normal; 5 759 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
252,59 ft / 252,10 ft x 49,93 ft x 24,18 ft (normal load)
76,99 m / 76,84 m x 15,22 m x 7,37 m
Armament:
6 - 7,64" / 194 mm guns in single mounts, 162,63lbs / 73,77kg shells, 1872 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
2 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
2 - 5,43" / 138 mm guns in single mounts, 58,54lbs / 26,55kg shells, 1872 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all forward
6 - 1,46" / 37,0 mm guns in single mounts, 1,13lbs / 0,51kg shells, 1872 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 1 100 lbs / 499 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 6,85" / 174 mm 181,50 ft / 55,32 m 10,79 ft / 3,29 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 111% of normal length
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 7,87" / 200 mm - -
2nd: 4,92" / 125 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 8,19" / 208 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 1 shaft, 4 417 ihp / 3 295 Kw = 14,50 kts
Range 5 300nm at 8,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1 081 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
588
Cost:
£0,414 million / $1,655 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 137 tons, 2,6%
Armour: 1 223 tons, 23,2%
- Belts: 587 tons, 11,1%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
- Armament: 252 tons, 4,8%
- Armour Deck: 331 tons, 6,3%
- Conning Tower: 53 tons, 1,0%
Machinery: 1 002 tons, 19,0%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1 702 tons, 32,3%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 762 tons, 14,4%
Miscellaneous weights: 452 tons, 8,6%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
4 356 lbs / 1 976 Kg = 26,8 x 7,6 " / 194 mm shells or 0,8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,10
Metacentric height 2,1 ft / 0,6 m
Roll period: 14,4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 100 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,39
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 2,00
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0,607
Length to Beam Ratio: 5,05 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 15,88 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -17,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0,49 ft / 0,15 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20,44 ft / 6,23 m
- Forecastle (20%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Mid (50%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Quarterdeck (15%): 19,46 ft / 5,93 m
- Stern: 19,95 ft / 6,08 m
- Average freeboard: 19,57 ft / 5,97 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90,7%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 108,8%
Waterplane Area: 9 075 Square feet or 843 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 99 lbs/sq ft or 481 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,81
- Longitudinal: 6,59
- Overall: 1,00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
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