Chiński KP Chi Yuan (1898) - 15.12.2010

Po wojnie z lat 1894-95 z Japonią, chińska flota została praktycznie unicestwiona, tracąc niemal wszystkie swoje wartościowe jednostki. Wobec powyższego koniecznym było jej pilne wzmocnienie. Wobec mizerii finansowej raczej trudno się spodziewać, żeby Chiny mogły sobie wówczas pozwolić na budowę pancerników z prawdziwego zdarzenia, w jakie zbroiła się właśnie Japonia, ale na kilka nowoczesnych krążowników pancernych może by ich było stać. Założyłem, że – kontynuując wcześniejsze tradycje – zamówili by je w stoczniach niemieckich, i być może byłby to wariant krążowników typu Victoria Louise, budowanych ówcześnie dla floty niemieckiej. Poniższy okręt to właśnie pochodna ww. typu, z dodanym m.in. opancerzeniem bocznym i silniejszą artylerią.

Okręty w typie:

Chi Yuan (1898)

King Yuan (1899)

Lai Yuan (1900)

 

Chi Yuan, chinese armoured cruiser laid down 1897 (Engine 1898)

Displacement:
    6 459 t light; 6 749 t standard; 7 400 t normal; 7 921 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    380,55 ft / 379,69 ft x 59,81 ft x 22,83 ft (normal load)
    115,99 m / 115,73 m x 18,23 m  x 6,96 m

Armament:
      2 - 9,45" / 240 mm guns in single mounts, 421,80lbs / 191,32kg shells, 1897 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      8 - 5,91" / 150 mm guns in single mounts, 102,98lbs / 46,71kg shells, 1897 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side, all amidships
      12 - 3,46" / 88,0 mm guns in single mounts, 20,79lbs / 9,43kg shells, 1897 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side, evenly spread
    Weight of broadside 1 917 lbs / 870 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 120
    5 - 17,7" / 450 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    7,09" / 180 mm    171,69 ft / 52,33 m    10,63 ft / 3,24 m
    Ends:    Unarmoured
      Main Belt covers 70% of normal length
      Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
        1,18" / 30 mm    234,48 ft / 71,47 m    21,19 ft / 6,46 m

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    6,30" / 160 mm    3,94" / 100 mm        6,30" / 160 mm
    2nd:    3,94" / 100 mm          -                  -
    3rd:    1,97" / 50 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 1,77" / 45 mm, Conning tower: 7,09" / 180 mm

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
    Direct drive, 3 shafts, 13 494 ihp / 10 066 Kw = 20,00 kts
    Range 5 500nm at 10,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 1 173 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
    398 - 518

Cost:
    £0,732 million / $2,928 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 240 tons, 3,2%
    Armour: 1 721 tons, 23,3%
       - Belts: 616 tons, 8,3%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 217 tons, 2,9%
       - Armament: 333 tons, 4,5%
       - Armour Deck: 496 tons, 6,7%
       - Conning Tower: 58 tons, 0,8%
    Machinery: 2 176 tons, 29,4%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 2 322 tons, 31,4%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 941 tons, 12,7%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      4 912 lbs / 2 228 Kg = 11,6 x 9,4 " / 240 mm shells or 1,0 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,44
    Metacentric height 4,4 ft / 1,3 m
    Roll period: 12,0 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 77 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,27
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,91

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has raised forecastle
    Block coefficient: 0,499
    Length to Beam Ratio: 6,35 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 19,49 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 40
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        24,51 ft / 7,47 m
       - Forecastle (33%):    24,02 ft / 7,32 m (14,99 ft / 4,57 m aft of break)
       - Mid (50%):        14,99 ft / 4,57 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    14,99 ft / 4,57 m
       - Stern:        14,99 ft / 4,57 m
       - Average freeboard:    18,04 ft / 5,50 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 195,7%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 108,5%
    Waterplane Area: 15 123 Square feet or 1 405 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 93%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 95 lbs/sq ft or 463 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,90
        - Longitudinal: 2,60
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
    Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
    Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather