czwartek, 30 sierpnia 2012

Impierator Nikołaj II - 09.05.2011

Spotkałem się z informacją, że w 1905 r. do konkursu na budowę krążownika pancernego dla Rosji, który zaowocował zbudowaniem drugiego Riurika, zgłosiła się stocznia NY Shipyards, która przedstawiła również kilka projektów pancerników, w tym m.in. nowatorski projekt pancernika monokalibrowego o wyporności 17500 ton, uzbrojonego w 12 dział 305 mm, z których 8 mogło strzelać na burtę. Tyle jest mi o nim wiadomo - reszta charakterystyk to już moja spekulacja. Domniemywać można, że układ artylerii byłby analogiczny jak na dwóch pierwszych typach drednotów niemieckich - cztery wieże przy burcie na śródokręciu i po jednej na dziobie i rufie. Niestety, przy tak licznym uzbrojeniu i ograniczonej wielkości nie obyło się bez istotnych kompromisów - sporo do życzenia pozostawia opancerzenie wież czy pokładów oraz zasięg. Również prędkość pozostawia sporo do życzenia, choć mieści się w standardach epoki. Ogólnie, okręt wygląda na dość mocno przeciążony uzbrojeniem (osobiście odjął bym co najmniej jedną wieżę), no ale cóż - tak go widzieli projektanci..
Impierator Nikołaj II, russian battleship laid down 1905 (Engine 1906)

Displacement:
    15 689 t light; 16 620 t standard; 17 499 t normal; 18 203 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    526,77 ft / 526,77 ft x 81,53 ft x 26,31 ft (normal load)
    160,56 m / 160,56 m x 24,85 m  x 8,02 m

Armament:
      4 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1905 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      8 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1905 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on side, all amidships
      16 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1905 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side, evenly spread
    Weight of broadside 10 906 lbs / 4 947 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    11,0" / 279 mm    356,82 ft / 108,76 m    10,01 ft / 3,05 m
    Ends:    2,52" / 64 mm    169,88 ft / 51,78 m    10,01 ft / 3,05 m
      Main Belt covers 104% of normal length
      Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
        0,98" / 25 mm    356,82 ft / 108,76 m    21,06 ft / 6,42 m

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    9,21" / 234 mm    5,98" / 152 mm        9,45" / 240 mm
    2nd:    9,21" / 234 mm    5,98" / 152 mm        9,45" / 240 mm
    3rd:    4,72" / 120 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 2,36" / 60 mm, Conning tower: 10,00" / 254 mm

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, steam turbines,
    Direct drive, 3 shafts, 21 085 shp / 15 730 Kw = 20,00 kts
    Range 4 000nm at 10,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 1 583 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
    759 - 988

Cost:
    £1,905 million / $7,621 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 1 363 tons, 7,8%
    Armour: 5 650 tons, 32,3%
       - Belts: 1 850 tons, 10,6%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 274 tons, 1,6%
       - Armament: 2 082 tons, 11,9%
       - Armour Deck: 1 300 tons, 7,4%
       - Conning Tower: 145 tons, 0,8%
    Machinery: 1 506 tons, 8,6%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 7 169 tons, 41,0%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 810 tons, 10,3%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      18 510 lbs / 8 396 Kg = 21,4 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 3,1 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,08
    Metacentric height 4,3 ft / 1,3 m
    Roll period: 16,6 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,76
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,29

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,542
    Length to Beam Ratio: 6,46 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 22,95 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -7,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        20,05 ft / 6,11 m
       - Forecastle (18%):    15,65 ft / 4,77 m
       - Mid (50%):        15,65 ft / 4,77 m
       - Quarterdeck (16%):    15,65 ft / 4,77 m
       - Stern:        16,24 ft / 4,95 m
       - Average freeboard:    16,01 ft / 4,88 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 114,2%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 116,8%
    Waterplane Area: 29 749 Square feet or 2 764 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 89%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 172 lbs/sq ft or 839 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,95
        - Longitudinal: 1,55
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
    Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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