Japoński pancernik (1873) - 26.09.2011

Na początku lat 70-tych XIX w. pancerniki typu Hizen swoją charakterystykąnie odpowiadały już w pełni wymogom współczesnego pola walki – dotyczy tozarówno przestarzałej gładko lufowej artylerii (tą od biedy można by jeszczewymienić), jak również (a może przede wszystkim) dość cienkiego pancerza, któryw tym czasie nie pozwalał już klasyfikować tych jednostek jako pełnoprawne  pancerniki, bardziej zbliżając je do mającejsię wkrótce pojawić klasy krążowników pancernych. Biorąc pod uwagę powyższe,zasadnym wydaje się wprowadzenie nowego typu pancernika, będącego odpowiednikiemnajnowszych jednostek tej klasy we flotach zagranicznych. Oto i on:

Mutsu, japanese battleship laid down 1871 (Engine 1873)

Displacement:
    6 516 t light; 6 846 t standard; 7 415 t normal; 7 870 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    309,06 ft / 306,56 ft x 61,55 ft x 23,72 ft (normal load)
    94,20 m / 93,44 m x 18,76 m  x 7,23 m

Armament:
      6 - 11,02" / 280 mm guns in single mounts, 478,90lbs / 217,23kg shells, 1871 Model
      Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      6 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in all but light seas
      4 - 5,91" / 150 mm guns in single mounts, 73,63lbs / 33,40kg shells, 1871 Model
      Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
      on side, all amidships
      2 - 3,74" / 95,0 mm guns in single mounts, 18,70lbs / 8,48kg shells, 1871 Model
      Breech loading guns in deck mounts
      on side, all forward
    Weight of broadside 3 205 lbs / 1 454 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 100

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    10,0" / 254 mm    190,22 ft / 57,98 m    12,17 ft / 3,71 m
    Ends:    6,46" / 164 mm    116,34 ft / 35,46 m    9,61 ft / 2,93 m
      Main Belt covers 95% of normal length

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    7,99" / 203 mm          -                  -
    2nd:    7,99" / 203 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 0,98" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 2,99" / 76 mm

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
    Direct drive, 1 shaft, 4 263 ihp / 3 180 Kw = 13,80 kts
    Range 3 900nm at 8,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 1 024 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
    759

Cost:
    £0,702 million / $2,810 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 401 tons, 5,4%
    Armour: 2 046 tons, 27,6%
       - Belts: 1 322 tons, 17,8%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
       - Armament: 459 tons, 6,2%
       - Armour Deck: 240 tons, 3,2%
       - Conning Tower: 25 tons, 0,3%
    Machinery: 985 tons, 13,3%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 2 452 tons, 33,1%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 899 tons, 12,1%
    Miscellaneous weights: 633 tons, 8,5%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      5 813 lbs / 2 637 Kg = 12,1 x 11,0 " / 280 mm shells or 1,0 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,38
    Metacentric height 4,3 ft / 1,3 m
    Roll period: 12,5 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 100 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,26
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 2,00

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,580
    Length to Beam Ratio: 4,98 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 17,51 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -14,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 2,49 ft / 0,76 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        17,09 ft / 5,21 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    14,40 ft / 4,39 m
       - Mid (50%):        14,40 ft / 4,39 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    14,40 ft / 4,39 m
       - Stern:        14,99 ft / 4,57 m
       - Average freeboard:    14,66 ft / 4,47 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 93,0%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 90,8%
    Waterplane Area: 13 202 Square feet or 1 226 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 94%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 121 lbs/sq ft or 589 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,89
        - Longitudinal: 2,97
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
    Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
    Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Okręty w typie:
Mutsu (1873)
Yamashiro (1874)
Kaga (1875)