Tender torpedowców - 13.10.2011

Wszystkie właściwie XIX-wieczne torpedowce cierpiały (w większym bądź mniejszym stopniu) na te same wady - kiepskie własności morskie i niespecjalny zasięg, co powodowało iż dotarcie w pobliże potencjalnych celów mogło być wysoce problematyczne. Jedną z dróg zaradzenia temu jest budowa tendra torpedowców - czyli okrętu będącego ich bazą i mogącego dostarczyć je w bezpośrednią bliskość wrogich okrętów, niezależnie od tego, jaka by była pogoda po drodze. Takim okrętem ma być prezentowana poniżej jednostka, dla której zaprojektowałem też specjalny typ małego, niespełna 100-tonowego torpedowca. Prezentowany tender mógłby zabrać do 4 sztuk takich torpedowców, wypuścić je np. po zauważeniu wrogiej floty (ale spoza zasięgu jej artylerii), a po wykonanym ataku, przyjąć je z powrotem na pokład i odpłynąć. Szybkość okrętu jest chyba wystarczająca by nie obawiać się wrogich pancerników, z kolei małe krążowniki mogły by być odpędzone ogniem własnych dział 120 mm - a przynajmniej można by z nimi toczyć w miarę wyrównaną walkę.  Oczywiście, działanie takiej jednostki w pojedynkę mogło by być dość problematyczne, ale przy założeniu posiadania jakiejś eskorty, bądź działania w ramach sił głównych, możliwe że mogła by to być całkiem groźna broń.. 

Tokiwa, japanese torpedo boat tender laid down 1880 (Engine 1882)

Displacement:
    3 738 t light; 3 886 t standard; 4 552 t normal; 5 085 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    361,65 ft / 359,45 ft x 47,77 ft x 16,57 ft (normal load)
    110,23 m / 109,56 m x 14,56 m  x 5,05 m

Armament:
      2 - 4,72" / 120 mm guns in single mounts, 44,82lbs / 20,33kg shells, 1880 Model
      Breech loading guns in deck mounts
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      6 - 4,72" / 120 mm guns in single mounts, 44,82lbs / 20,33kg shells, 1880 Model
      Breech loading guns in deck mounts
      on side, all amidships
      8 - 2,99" / 76,0 mm guns in single mounts, 11,38lbs / 5,16kg shells, 1880 Model
      Quick firing guns in deck mounts
      on side, evenly spread
    Weight of broadside 450 lbs / 204 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 190

Armour:

   - Armour deck: 0,98" / 25 mm

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
    Direct drive, 2 shafts, 7 868 ihp / 5 869 Kw = 18,30 kts
    Range 5 000nm at 10,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 1 199 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
    276 - 360

Cost:
    £0,400 million / $1,599 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 56 tons, 1,2%
    Armour: 220 tons, 4,8%
       - Belts: 0 tons, 0,0%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
       - Armament: 0 tons, 0,0%
       - Armour Deck: 220 tons, 4,8%
       - Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0,0%
    Machinery: 1 584 tons, 34,8%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 1 478 tons, 32,5%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 814 tons, 17,9%
    Miscellaneous weights: 400 tons, 8,8%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      2 638 lbs / 1 197 Kg = 58,9 x 4,7 " / 120 mm shells or 0,6 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,42
    Metacentric height 3,0 ft / 0,9 m
    Roll period: 11,5 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 96 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,11
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,93

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,560
    Length to Beam Ratio: 7,52 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 18,96 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -8,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 2,20 ft / 0,67 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        16,60 ft / 5,06 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    13,29 ft / 4,05 m
       - Mid (50%):        13,29 ft / 4,05 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    13,29 ft / 4,05 m
       - Stern:        13,94 ft / 4,25 m
       - Average freeboard:    13,60 ft / 4,15 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 132,3%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 110,9%
    Waterplane Area: 12 096 Square feet or 1 124 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 80 lbs/sq ft or 388 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,95
        - Longitudinal: 1,56
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
    Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
    Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather


Murasame, japanese torpedo boat laid down 1882

Displacement:
    90 t light; 92 t standard; 95 t normal; 97 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    101,67 ft / 101,67 ft x 11,68 ft x 5,54 ft (normal load)
    30,99 m / 30,99 m x 3,56 m  x 1,69 m

Armament:
      1 - 1,85" / 47,0 mm guns in single mounts, 2,79lbs / 1,27kg shells, 1882 Model
      Breech loading gun in deck mount
      on centreline forward
    Weight of broadside 3 lbs / 1 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 250
    2 - 14,0" / 356 mm above water torpedoes

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
    Direct drive, 1 shaft, 2 555 ihp / 1 906 Kw = 21,70 kts
    Range 150nm at 10,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 5 tons (100% coal)
      Caution: Delicate, lightweight machinery

Complement:
    14 - 19

Cost:
    £0,012 million / $0,049 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 0 tons, 0,4%
    Machinery: 63 tons, 66,4%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 27 tons, 28,1%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5 tons, 5,1%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      12 lbs / 6 Kg = 4,5 x 1,9 " / 47 mm shells or 0,0 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,13
    Metacentric height 0,3 ft / 0,1 m
    Roll period: 9,8 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 37 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,07
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 0,56

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,503
    Length to Beam Ratio: 8,71 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 10,08 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 78 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -7,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        8,17 ft / 2,49 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    7,05 ft / 2,15 m
       - Mid (50%):        7,05 ft / 2,15 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    7,05 ft / 2,15 m
       - Stern:        7,05 ft / 2,15 m
       - Average freeboard:    7,14 ft / 2,18 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 217,0%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 35,4%
    Waterplane Area: 763 Square feet or 71 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 9%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 12 lbs/sq ft or 58 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,38
        - Longitudinal: 6,60
        - Overall: 0,50
    Caution: Hull subject to strain in open-sea
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is extremely poor
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
    Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability

Okręty w typie:
Murasame (1882)
Hatshui (1882)
Shigure (1882)
Yamayuki (1882)
Yugure (1882)
Wakaba (1883)
Uranami (1883)
Hakaze (1883)
Kisumi (1883)
Mutsuki (1883)