Krążownik pancerny Maranhao - 03.06.2011

Kontynuując wątek rozpoczęty w poprzednim poście – po oddaniu do użytku pierwszych krążowników pancernych typu Alagoas, admiralicja brazylijska zorientowała się, że jakkolwiek są to udane okręty, to jednak nieco za małe i za słabe by stanowić skuteczną przeciwwagę dla argentyńskich krążowników pancernych typu Garibaldi. Anulowano więc zamówienie na dwa ostatnie okręty (Maranhao i Amazonas), zamawiając w zamian dwie znacznie silniejsze jednostki, które do pewnego stopnia antycypowały ideę jaka przyświecała Fisherowi budującemu nieco później swoje wielkie krążowniki pancerne typu Invincible – oryginalnie tak właśnie klasyfikowane i przeznaczone właśnie do zwalczania wrogich krążowników pancernych.

Maranhao, brazilian armoured cruiser laid down 1899 (Engine 1900)

Displacement:
    11 446 t light; 11 929 t standard; 12 980 t normal; 13 821 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    510,14 ft / 510,14 ft x 67,13 ft x 22,18 ft (normal load)
    155,49 m / 155,49 m x 20,46 m  x 6,76 m

Armament:
      6 - 10,00" / 254 mm guns (2x3 guns), 500,00lbs / 226,80kg shells, 1899 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      10 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1899 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side, all amidships
      12 - 2,99" / 76,0 mm guns in single mounts, 13,39lbs / 6,08kg shells, 1899 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side, evenly spread
    Weight of broadside 4 232 lbs / 1 920 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 90
    2 - 18,0" / 457 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    6,73" / 171 mm    172,44 ft / 52,56 m    7,68 ft / 2,34 m
    Ends:    3,50" / 89 mm    262,86 ft / 80,12 m    7,68 ft / 2,34 m
      74,84 ft / 22,81 m Unarmoured ends
    Upper:    4,49" / 114 mm    308,96 ft / 94,17 m    7,32 ft / 2,23 m
      Main Belt covers 52% of normal length
      Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
        0,75" / 19 mm    204,20 ft / 62,24 m    20,44 ft / 6,23 m

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    7,52" / 191 mm    5,00" / 127 mm        7,99" / 203 mm
    2nd:    4,72" / 120 mm          -                  -
    3rd:    2,01" / 51 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 1,46" / 37 mm, Conning tower: 7,99" / 203 mm

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
    Direct drive, 2 shafts, 21 423 ihp / 15 982 Kw = 21,00 kts
    Range 6 300nm at 10,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 1 893 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
    607 - 790

Cost:
    £1,314 million / $5,254 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 529 tons, 4,1%
    Armour: 2 869 tons, 22,1%
       - Belts: 1 150 tons, 8,9%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 116 tons, 0,9%
       - Armament: 834 tons, 6,4%
       - Armour Deck: 674 tons, 5,2%
       - Conning Tower: 95 tons, 0,7%
    Machinery: 3 347 tons, 25,8%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 4 700 tons, 36,2%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 534 tons, 11,8%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      11 095 lbs / 5 033 Kg = 22,2 x 10,0 " / 254 mm shells or 1,6 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,21
    Metacentric height 3,9 ft / 1,2 m
    Roll period: 14,2 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 91 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,74
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,82

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has rise forward of midbreak
    Block coefficient: 0,598
    Length to Beam Ratio: 7,60 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 22,59 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -11,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        28,74 ft / 8,76 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    24,70 ft / 7,53 m
       - Mid (50%):        24,70 ft / 7,53 m (16,14 ft / 4,92 m aft of break)
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    16,14 ft / 4,92 m
       - Stern:        16,14 ft / 4,92 m
       - Average freeboard:    20,75 ft / 6,32 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 165,9%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 157,7%
    Waterplane Area: 25 003 Square feet or 2 323 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 94%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 123 lbs/sq ft or 599 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,95
        - Longitudinal: 1,64
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
    Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
    Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather