Superpancernik Napoleon - 19.11.2010

Ponoć na początku lat 20-tych Francuzi przymierzali się do budowy działa kal. 450 mm, o długości lufy 45 kalibrów, wadze 126 ton, wyrzucającego pociski o wadze ok. 1300 kg z prędkością ok. 840 m/s. Logicznym wydało się zastanowić, jaki okręt mógłby je nosić (oczywiście, gdyby nie traktat waszyngtoński..). Efektem tych rozważań jest Napoleon - uzbrojony w 8 dział 450 mm niemal 50.000-tonowy kolos. Na tle równoległych konstrukcji zagranicznych - brytyjskiego N3, japońskiego No 13 czy amerykańskiego South Dakota - wygląda bardzo korzystnie, ze swoimi ciężkimi działami, bardzo dobrą prędkością i dużą odpornością na trafienia.

Napoleon, french battleship laid down 1921 (Engine 1925)

Displacement:
    43 004 t light; 45 424 t standard; 47 185 t normal; 48 594 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    796,60 ft / 791,34 ft x 104,00 ft x 34,78 ft (normal load)
    242,80 m / 241,20 m x 31,70 m  x 10,60 m

Armament:
      8 - 17,72" / 450 mm guns (4x2 guns), 2 780,39lbs / 1 261,17kg shells, 1921 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      18 - 5,43" / 138 mm guns in single mounts, 80,19lbs / 36,37kg shells, 1921 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side, all amidships
      12 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm guns (10 mounts), 12,87lbs / 5,84kg shells, 1921 Model
      Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
      on side, all amidships
    Weight of broadside 23 841 lbs / 10 814 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 110

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    15,7" / 400 mm    526,25 ft / 160,40 m    13,12 ft / 4,00 m
    Ends:    Unarmoured
    Upper:    11,0" / 280 mm    262,47 ft / 80,00 m    6,56 ft / 2,00 m
      Main Belt covers 102% of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
        3,35" / 85 mm    630,25 ft / 192,10 m    29,20 ft / 8,90 m

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    21,1" / 535 mm    15,4" / 390 mm        20,1" / 510 mm
    2nd:    7,09" / 180 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 4,92" / 125 mm, Conning tower: 23,62" / 600 mm

Machinery:
    Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
    Geared drive, 3 shafts, 93 147 shp / 69 488 Kw = 26,00 kts
    Range 5 500nm at 14,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 3 170 tons

Complement:
    1 599 - 2 080

Cost:
    £11,281 million / $45,124 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 2 980 tons, 6,3%
    Armour: 19 719 tons, 41,8%
       - Belts: 5 600 tons, 11,9%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 2 279 tons, 4,8%
       - Armament: 5 812 tons, 12,3%
       - Armour Deck: 5 363 tons, 11,4%
       - Conning Tower: 665 tons, 1,4%
    Machinery: 3 024 tons, 6,4%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 17 280 tons, 36,6%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4 181 tons, 8,9%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      59 848 lbs / 27 147 Kg = 21,5 x 17,7 " / 450 mm shells or 10,3 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,06
    Metacentric height 5,9 ft / 1,8 m
    Roll period: 18,0 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,74
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,28

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has low forecastle
    Block coefficient: 0,577
    Length to Beam Ratio: 7,61 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 28,13 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 10,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        29,86 ft / 9,10 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    19,69 ft / 6,00 m (23,95 ft / 7,30 m aft of break)
       - Mid (50%):        18,70 ft / 5,70 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    18,70 ft / 5,70 m
       - Stern:        20,01 ft / 6,10 m
       - Average freeboard:    20,60 ft / 6,28 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 85,3%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 139,7%
    Waterplane Area: 58 911 Square feet or 5 473 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 95%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 208 lbs/sq ft or 1 017 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,98
        - Longitudinal: 1,18
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
    Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily