środa, 29 sierpnia 2012

Wielkie krążowniki hiszpańskie - 02.06.2010

W 1937 r. hiszpański okręt liniowy Jaime I zatonął w Cartagenie w wyniku wewnętrznej eksplozji. Z jednostki ocalało 6 dział artylerii głównej, które w ramach programu z 1939 r. zamierzano wykorzystać jako uzbrojenie główne nowego krążownika „superwaszyngtońskiego” o wyporności rzędu 17.500 ton. W innym wariancie tego okrętu, planowano uzbroić go w działa kal. 330 mm, pochodzące z zatopionego francuskiego pancernika Dunkerque, pozyskane od Niemców. Oto obydwa warianty hiszpańskiego superkrążownika (czy jak kto woli – krążownika liniowego):

Hernan Cortes, spanish large cruiser laid down 1940 (Engine 1943)

Displacement:
    16 151 t light; 16 907 t standard; 17 715 t normal; 18 361 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    658,90 ft / 633,20 ft x 77,10 ft x 22,97 ft (normal load)
    200,83 m / 193,00 m x 23,50 m  x 7,00 m

Armament:
      6 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (3x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1940 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on centreline ends, majority forward
      12 - 4,72" / 120 mm guns (6x2 guns), 52,72lbs / 23,91kg shells, 1940 Model
      Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
      on side, all amidships
      20 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (10x2 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1940 Model
      Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
      on side, evenly spread
    Weight of broadside 5 866 lbs / 2 661 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 120
    6 - 21,0" / 533 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    7,28" / 185 mm    374,02 ft / 114,00 m    9,84 ft / 3,00 m
    Ends:    Unarmoured
      Main Belt covers 91% of normal length
      Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
        1,57" / 40 mm    393,70 ft / 120,00 m    18,04 ft / 5,50 m

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    9,21" / 234 mm    9,21" / 234 mm        11,0" / 280 mm
    2nd:    1,57" / 40 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 10,24" / 260 mm

Machinery:
    Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
    Geared drive, 4 shafts, 143 982 shp / 107 411 Kw = 33,20 kts
    Range 5 500nm at 14,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 1 455 tons

Complement:
    767 - 998

Cost:
    £10,211 million / $40,843 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 733 tons, 4,1%
    Armour: 4 400 tons, 24,8%
       - Belts: 1 160 tons, 6,5%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 414 tons, 2,3%
       - Armament: 1 432 tons, 8,1%
       - Armour Deck: 1 244 tons, 7,0%
       - Conning Tower: 150 tons, 0,8%
    Machinery: 3 719 tons, 21,0%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 7 299 tons, 41,2%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 564 tons, 8,8%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      19 490 lbs / 8 841 Kg = 22,5 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 2,7 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,11
    Metacentric height 4,1 ft / 1,3 m
    Roll period: 16,0 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 46 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,54
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 0,73

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,553
    Length to Beam Ratio: 8,21 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 25,16 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 58
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 42,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        28,54 ft / 8,70 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    22,31 ft / 6,80 m
       - Mid (50%):        19,03 ft / 5,80 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    19,03 ft / 5,80 m
       - Stern:        20,01 ft / 6,10 m
       - Average freeboard:    20,75 ft / 6,32 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 134,6%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 153,7%
    Waterplane Area: 34 167 Square feet or 3 174 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 146 lbs/sq ft or 712 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,97
        - Longitudinal: 1,26
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
    Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather

Francisco Pizarro, spanish large cruiser laid down 1942 (Engine 1944)

Displacement:
    16 526 t light; 17 214 t standard; 17 958 t normal; 18 553 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    658,90 ft / 633,20 ft x 77,10 ft x 22,97 ft (normal load)
    200,83 m / 193,00 m x 23,50 m  x 7,00 m

Armament:
      6 - 12,99" / 330 mm guns (3x2 guns), 1 096,51lbs / 497,37kg shells, 1942 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on centreline ends, majority forward
      12 - 4,72" / 120 mm guns (6x2 guns), 52,72lbs / 23,91kg shells, 1942 Model
      Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
      on side, all amidships
      20 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (10x2 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1942 Model
      Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
      on side, evenly spread
    Weight of broadside 7 251 lbs / 3 289 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 80
    6 - 21,0" / 533 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    7,28" / 185 mm    374,02 ft / 114,00 m    9,84 ft / 3,00 m
    Ends:    Unarmoured
      Main Belt covers 91% of normal length
      Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
        1,57" / 40 mm    393,70 ft / 120,00 m    18,04 ft / 5,50 m

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    8,27" / 210 mm    6,30" / 160 mm        10,0" / 255 mm
    2nd:    1,57" / 40 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 1,97" / 50 mm, Conning tower: 10,24" / 260 mm

Machinery:
    Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
    Geared drive, 4 shafts, 142 182 shp / 106 068 Kw = 33,00 kts
    Range 5 000nm at 14,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 1 339 tons

Complement:
    775 - 1 008

Cost:
    £11,760 million / $47,041 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 906 tons, 5,0%
    Armour: 4 314 tons, 24,0%
       - Belts: 1 160 tons, 6,5%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 414 tons, 2,3%
       - Armament: 1 335 tons, 7,4%
       - Armour Deck: 1 253 tons, 7,0%
       - Conning Tower: 151 tons, 0,8%
    Machinery: 3 631 tons, 20,2%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 7 675 tons, 42,7%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 432 tons, 8,0%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      18 375 lbs / 8 335 Kg = 16,8 x 13,0 " / 330 mm shells or 2,6 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,10
    Metacentric height 4,0 ft / 1,2 m
    Roll period: 16,1 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 46 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,67
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 0,72

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,561
    Length to Beam Ratio: 8,21 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 25,16 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 58
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 42,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        28,54 ft / 8,70 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    22,31 ft / 6,80 m
       - Mid (50%):        19,03 ft / 5,80 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    19,03 ft / 5,80 m
       - Stern:        20,01 ft / 6,10 m
       - Average freeboard:    20,75 ft / 6,32 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 139,0%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 153,2%
    Waterplane Area: 34 411 Square feet or 3 197 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 95%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 152 lbs/sq ft or 744 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,97
        - Longitudinal: 1,29
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
    Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather

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