środa, 29 sierpnia 2012

Włoski okręt obrony wybrzeża z 1920 r. - 08.12.2010

Dziś przedstawiam symulację bardzo oryginalnego włoskiego projektu z ok. 1920 r. Jest to w zasadzie okręt obrony wybrzeża z minimalnej wysokości wolną burta. Wydaje się, że twórcy chodziło o zaoszczędzenie na masie opancerzenia poprzez schowanie kadłuba pod wodę (oczywiście z wszelkimi konsekwencjami dla radzenia sobie okrętu w wysoką falę itp.). Wydaje się to dość dziwne, bo przy tej wyporności i uzbrojeniu, spokojnie można by się pokusić o przyzwoite opancerzenie. No, ale cóż, twórca widział to inaczej;-)

 
 

Palestro, italian battle monitor laid down 1920 (Engine 1921)

Displacement:
    19 656 t light; 20 815 t standard; 21 989 t normal; 22 929 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    492,13 ft / 492,13 ft x 95,14 ft x 32,81 ft (normal load)
    150,00 m / 150,00 m x 29,00 m  x 10,00 m

Armament:
      6 - 15,00" / 381 mm guns (2x3 guns), 1 687,50lbs / 765,44kg shells, 1920 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      8 - 4,72" / 120 mm guns (4x2 guns), 52,72lbs / 23,91kg shells, 1920 Model
      Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
      on side, all amidships
      4 - 4,02" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32,38lbs / 14,69kg shells, 1920 Model
      Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
      on side, all amidships
    Weight of broadside 10 676 lbs / 4 843 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 120
    4 - 21,0" / 533 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    5,91" / 150 mm    264,99 ft / 80,77 m    11,25 ft / 3,43 m
    Ends:    3,94" / 100 mm    227,07 ft / 69,21 m    11,25 ft / 3,43 m
      Main Belt covers 83% of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
        1,97" / 50 mm    264,99 ft / 80,77 m    24,84 ft / 7,57 m

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    16,5" / 420 mm    11,8" / 300 mm        15,0" / 380 mm
    2nd:    3,94" / 100 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 5,91" / 150 mm, Conning tower: 14,96" / 380 mm

Machinery:
    Diesel Internal combustion motors,
    Geared drive, 4 shafts, 16 613 shp / 12 393 Kw = 18,00 kts
    Range 8 500nm at 12,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 2 114 tons

Complement:
    902 - 1 173

Cost:
    £4,465 million / $17,860 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 1 335 tons, 6,1%
    Armour: 6 581 tons, 29,9%
       - Belts: 1 197 tons, 5,4%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 479 tons, 2,2%
       - Armament: 1 240 tons, 5,6%
       - Armour Deck: 3 411 tons, 15,5%
       - Conning Tower: 253 tons, 1,2%
    Machinery: 572 tons, 2,6%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 11 168 tons, 50,8%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2 334 tons, 10,6%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      27 145 lbs / 12 313 Kg = 16,1 x 15,0 " / 381 mm shells or 6,5 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,26
    Metacentric height 7,1 ft / 2,2 m
    Roll period: 15,0 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 33 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,10
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 0,43

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has raised forecastle
    Block coefficient: 0,501
    Length to Beam Ratio: 5,17 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 22,18 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 41 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        13,09 ft / 3,99 m
       - Forecastle (23%):    13,09 ft / 3,99 m (5,25 ft / 1,60 m aft of break)
       - Mid (50%):        5,25 ft / 1,60 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    5,25 ft / 1,60 m
       - Stern:        5,25 ft / 1,60 m
       - Average freeboard:    7,04 ft / 2,14 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 69,9%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 32,6%
    Waterplane Area: 31 225 Square feet or 2 901 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 119%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 281 lbs/sq ft or 1 371 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 1,62
        - Longitudinal: 2,33
        - Overall: 1,68
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
    Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability

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