W okresie międzywojennym w Wielkiej Brytanii żywe były idee
ograniczenia wyścigu zbrojeń na morzu, zarówno pod względem ilościowym, jak i
jakościowym. Pojawiła się m.in. propozycja ograniczenia wielkości okrętów
liniowych do 25.000 ton wyporności, a kalibru ich dział – do 305 mm, wysunięta przez
Brytyjczyków na jesieni 1935 r., przed II londyńską konferencją morską.
Oczywiście, propozycje takie nie zyskały uznania wśród pozostałych mocarstw
morskich, zresztą nie bardzo wiadomo, jak miało by wyglądać wcielenie ich w
życie, skoro większość istniejących wówczas pancerników proponowane limity
grubo przekraczała. Złomowanie ich i budowa flot liniowych od nowa, de facto
oznaczała by przecież nowy wyścig zbrojeń, czyli efekt odwrotny od
oczekiwanego..
Niezależnie od powyższego, zdążono opracować kilka projektów
małych pancerników, w tym prezentowany poniżej projekt 12B z 1929 r.:
Displacement:
23 754 t light; 25 040 t standard; 26 649 t normal; 27 936 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
610,00 ft / 602,17 ft x 96,00 ft x 27,00 ft (normal load)
185,93 m / 183,54 m x 29,26 m x 8,23 m
Armament:
8 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1930 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
12 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns (6x2 guns), 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1930 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
8 - 4,72" / 120 mm guns (4x2 guns), 52,72lbs / 23,91kg shells, 1930 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
32 - 1,57" / 40,0 mm guns (4x8 guns), 1,95lbs / 0,88kg shells, 1930 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 8 696 lbs / 3 944 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10,0" / 254 mm 355,84 ft / 108,46 m 17,59 ft / 5,36 m
Ends: 7,99" / 203 mm 87,89 ft / 26,79 m 5,28 ft / 1,61 m
158,43 ft / 48,29 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 7,99" / 203 mm 116,50 ft / 35,51 m 9,15 ft / 2,79 m
Main Belt covers 91% of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2,24" / 57 mm 451,97 ft / 137,76 m 25,69 ft / 7,83 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12,0" / 305 mm 10,0" / 254 mm 12,0" / 305 mm
2nd: 4,02" / 102 mm 2,99" / 76 mm 0,98" / 25 mm
3rd: 0,98" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 5,98" / 152 mm, Conning tower: 14,02" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 45 985 shp / 34 305 Kw = 23,00 kts
Range 8 000nm at 14,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2 896 tons
Complement:
1 042 - 1 355
Cost:
£8,090 million / $32,358 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1 087 tons, 4,1%
Armour: 11 744 tons, 44,1%
- Belts: 3 505 tons, 13,2%
- Torpedo bulkhead: 964 tons, 3,6%
- Armament: 2 335 tons, 8,8%
- Armour Deck: 4 670 tons, 17,5%
- Conning Tower: 269 tons, 1,0%
Machinery: 1 357 tons, 5,1%
Hull, fittings & equipment: 9 516 tons, 35,7%
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2 895 tons, 10,9%
Miscellaneous weights: 50 tons, 0,2%
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
57 486 lbs / 26 075 Kg = 66,4 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 11,9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,16
Metacentric height 6,2 ft / 1,9 m
Roll period: 16,2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 80 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,49
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,61
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0,598
Length to Beam Ratio: 6,27 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24,54 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 13,00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1,48 ft / 0,45 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 27,53 ft / 8,39 m
- Forecastle (24%): 25,00 ft / 7,62 m
- Mid (59%): 25,00 ft / 7,62 m (16,93 ft / 5,16 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (17%): 16,93 ft / 5,16 m
- Stern: 16,93 ft / 5,16 m
- Average freeboard: 21,94 ft / 6,69 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 62,3%
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 167,3%
Waterplane Area: 42 183 Square feet or 3 919 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115%
Structure weight / hull surface area: 163 lbs/sq ft or 796 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,97
- Longitudinal: 1,71
- Overall: 1,03
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
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