środa, 29 sierpnia 2012

Giulio Cesare - 10.01.2010

Włoski pancernik wieżowy z lat 70-tych XIX w. Właściwie bardziej duży okręt obrony wybrzeża niż pełnoprawny pancernik - do obrony przed okrętami potencjalnego ówczesnego przeciwnika, czyli flory Austro-Węgier spokojnie by wystarczył. Zaryzykowałbym nawet twierdzenie, że taki okręt byłby równie dobrym rozwiązaniem (a na pewno tańszym) co faktycznie zbudowane nieco później pancerniki typu Duilio.
Okręty w typie:
Giulio Cesare (1874)
Andrea Doria (1875)   

 

 
Giulio Cesare, italian battleship laid down 1872 (Engine 1874)

Displacement:
    6 642 t light; 6 977 t standard; 7 247 t normal; 7 464 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    289,07 ft / 288,09 ft x 58,79 ft x 24,84 ft (normal load)
    88,11 m / 87,81 m x 17,92 m  x 7,57 m

Armament:
      4 - 14,02" / 356 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1 004,94lbs / 455,83kg shells, 1872 Model
      Muzzle loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turrets
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
    Weight of broadside 4 020 lbs / 1 823 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 85

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    15,0" / 381 mm    142,13 ft / 43,32 m    8,33 ft / 2,54 m
    Ends:    Unarmoured
      Main Belt covers 76% of normal length
      Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    12,0" / 305 mm    8,11" / 206 mm              -

   - Armour deck: 1,77" / 45 mm, Conning tower: 1,57" / 40 mm

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
    Direct drive, 2 shafts, 2 535 ihp / 1 891 Kw = 12,00 kts
    Range 2 400nm at 7,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 487 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
    392 - 510

Cost:
    £0,735 million / $2,940 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 502 tons, 6,9%
    Armour: 2 297 tons, 31,7%
       - Belts: 873 tons, 12,1%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
       - Armament: 1 004 tons, 13,9%
       - Armour Deck: 407 tons, 5,6%
       - Conning Tower: 13 tons, 0,2%
    Machinery: 575 tons, 7,9%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 3 267 tons, 45,1%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 605 tons, 8,3%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      4 192 lbs / 1 902 Kg = 4,2 x 14,0 " / 356 mm shells or 0,9 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 0,95
    Metacentric height 2,0 ft / 0,6 m
    Roll period: 17,4 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,85
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,40

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,603
    Length to Beam Ratio: 4,90 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 16,97 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 37 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -15,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,98 ft / 0,30 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        10,89 ft / 3,32 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    10,89 ft / 3,32 m
       - Mid (50%):        10,89 ft / 3,32 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    10,89 ft / 3,32 m
       - Stern:        10,89 ft / 3,32 m
       - Average freeboard:    10,89 ft / 3,32 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77,4%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 65,7%
    Waterplane Area: 12 423 Square feet or 1 154 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 97%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 178 lbs/sq ft or 870 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,88
        - Longitudinal: 3,21
        - Overall: 1,00
    Caution: Poor stability - excessive risk of capsizing
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
    Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
    Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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