środa, 29 sierpnia 2012

Zmodernizowany HMS Duncan - 07.01.2011

Wpisałem sobie niedawno do springsharpa dane pancernika typu Duncan i wyszło mi, że ten okręt dysponował sporym zapasem wyporności pod potencjalną modernizację. Wpadłem na pomysł, że jakby mu wymienić maszyny na nowoczesne turbiny, można by uzyskać całkiem ciekawą jednostkę, coś na kształt lekkiego krążownika liniowego. Zmodernizowany Duncan charakteryzuje się m.in. sporą prędkością 26 w., pozwalającą spokojnie ścigać wrogie krążowniki, niezmienionym uzbrojeniem składającym się nadal z 4x305 i 12x152, zwiększonym do 9000 Mm zasięgiem oraz fragmentaryczną grodzią przeciwtorpedową na wysokości komór amunicyjnych. Przydały by się takie pod Coronelem..
 



Duncan, british light battlecruiser laid down 1899 (Engine 1912)


Displacement:
    11 052 t light; 11 546 t standard; 13 237 t normal; 14 589 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    431,99 ft / 431,99 ft x 75,49 ft x 25,69 ft (normal load)
    131,67 m / 131,67 m x 23,01 m  x 7,83 m

Armament:
      4 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1899 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      12 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1899 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side, all amidships
      6 - 2,99" / 76,0 mm guns in single mounts, 13,39lbs / 6,07kg shells, 1899 Model
      Quick firing guns in deck mounts
      on side, all amidships
      4 - 2,99" / 76,0 mm guns in single mounts, 13,39lbs / 6,07kg shells, 1899 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side ends, evenly spread
    Weight of broadside 4 883 lbs / 2 215 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 80
    4 - 18,0" / 457 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    7,01" / 178 mm    237,99 ft / 72,54 m    13,88 ft / 4,23 m
    Ends:    4,02" / 102 mm      86,52 ft / 26,37 m    13,88 ft / 4,23 m
      107,48 ft / 32,76 m Unarmoured ends
      Main Belt covers 85% of normal length
      Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
        1,46" / 37 mm    118,27 ft / 36,05 m    23,00 ft / 7,01 m

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    10,0" / 254 mm    7,99" / 203 mm        11,0" / 279 mm
    2nd:    5,98" / 152 mm          -                  -
    4th:    5,98" / 152 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 2,01" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 12,01" / 305 mm

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, steam turbines,
    Direct drive, 2 shafts, 55 259 shp / 41 223 Kw = 26,00 kts
    Range 9 000nm at 12,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 3 044 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
    616 - 802

Cost:
    £1,239 million / $4,955 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 610 tons, 4,6%
    Armour: 3 498 tons, 26,4%
       - Belts: 1 246 tons, 9,4%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 147 tons, 1,1%
       - Armament: 1 113 tons, 8,4%
       - Armour Deck: 848 tons, 6,4%
       - Conning Tower: 145 tons, 1,1%
    Machinery: 2 424 tons, 18,3%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 4 520 tons, 34,2%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2 184 tons, 16,5%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      14 079 lbs / 6 386 Kg = 16,3 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 2,2 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,24
    Metacentric height 4,8 ft / 1,5 m
    Roll period: 14,4 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 42 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,36
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 0,70

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,553
    Length to Beam Ratio: 5,72 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 20,78 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 63 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -12,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        22,54 ft / 6,87 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    17,95 ft / 5,47 m
       - Mid (50%):        17,95 ft / 5,47 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    17,95 ft / 5,47 m
       - Stern:        17,95 ft / 5,47 m
       - Average freeboard:    18,31 ft / 5,58 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 133,5%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 126,7%
    Waterplane Area: 22 824 Square feet or 2 120 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 134 lbs/sq ft or 654 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 0,91
        - Longitudinal: 2,30
        - Overall: 1,00
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
    Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather

Dla porównania, "oryginalny" Duncan:

Duncan, british battleship laid down 1899 (Engine 1901)

Displacement:
    11 657 t light; 12 151 t standard; 13 270 t normal; 14 166 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
    431,99 ft / 431,99 ft x 75,49 ft x 25,75 ft (normal load)
    131,67 m / 131,67 m x 23,01 m  x 7,85 m

Armament:
      4 - 12,01" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 865,70lbs / 392,67kg shells, 1899 Model
      Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
      on centreline ends, evenly spread
      12 - 5,98" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 107,15lbs / 48,60kg shells, 1899 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side, all amidships
      6 - 2,99" / 76,0 mm guns in single mounts, 13,39lbs / 6,07kg shells, 1899 Model
      Quick firing guns in deck mounts
      on side, all amidships
      4 - 2,99" / 76,0 mm guns in single mounts, 13,39lbs / 6,07kg shells, 1899 Model
      Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
      on side ends, evenly spread
    Weight of broadside 4 883 lbs / 2 215 kg
    Shells per gun, main battery: 80
    4 - 18,0" / 457 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:        Width (max)    Length (avg)        Height (avg)
    Main:    7,01" / 178 mm    237,99 ft / 72,54 m    13,88 ft / 4,23 m
    Ends:    4,02" / 102 mm      86,52 ft / 26,37 m    13,88 ft / 4,23 m
      107,48 ft / 32,76 m Unarmoured ends
      Main Belt covers 85% of normal length
      Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Gun armour:    Face (max)    Other gunhouse (avg)    Barbette/hoist (max)
    Main:    10,0" / 254 mm    7,99" / 203 mm        11,0" / 279 mm
    2nd:    5,98" / 152 mm          -                  -
    4th:    5,98" / 152 mm          -                  -

   - Armour deck: 2,01" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 12,01" / 305 mm

Machinery:
    Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
    Direct drive, 2 shafts, 15 652 ihp / 11 677 Kw = 19,00 kts
    Range 7 000nm at 10,00 kts
    Bunker at max displacement = 2 015 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
    617 - 803

Cost:
    £1,258 million / $5,031 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
    Armament: 610 tons, 4,6%
    Armour: 3 353 tons, 25,3%
       - Belts: 1 246 tons, 9,4%
       - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0,0%
       - Armament: 1 115 tons, 8,4%
       - Armour Deck: 848 tons, 6,4%
       - Conning Tower: 145 tons, 1,1%
    Machinery: 2 408 tons, 18,1%
    Hull, fittings & equipment: 5 285 tons, 39,8%
    Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1 613 tons, 12,2%
    Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0,0%

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
    Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
      14 052 lbs / 6 374 Kg = 16,2 x 12,0 " / 305 mm shells or 1,9 torpedoes
    Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,20
    Metacentric height 4,6 ft / 1,4 m
    Roll period: 14,8 seconds
    Steadiness    - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 90 %
            - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,53
    Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1,79

Hull form characteristics:
    Hull has a flush deck
    Block coefficient: 0,553
    Length to Beam Ratio: 5,72 : 1
    'Natural speed' for length: 20,78 kts
    Power going to wave formation at top speed: 47 %
    Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
    Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -12,00 degrees
    Stern overhang: 0,00 ft / 0,00 m
    Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
       - Stem:        22,60 ft / 6,89 m
       - Forecastle (20%):    18,01 ft / 5,49 m
       - Mid (50%):        18,01 ft / 5,49 m
       - Quarterdeck (15%):    18,01 ft / 5,49 m
       - Stern:        18,01 ft / 5,49 m
       - Average freeboard:    18,38 ft / 5,60 m
    Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
    Space    - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 97,5%
        - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 126,9%
    Waterplane Area: 22 824 Square feet or 2 120 Square metres
    Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102%
    Structure weight / hull surface area: 156 lbs/sq ft or 764 Kg/sq metre
    Hull strength (Relative):
        - Cross-sectional: 1,08
        - Longitudinal: 2,85
        - Overall: 1,19
    Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
    Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
    Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
    Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

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